Question | Answer |
Nonverbal communication | Messages expressed by non linguistic means. |
Vocal, nonverbal communication | Tone of voice,
Sighs,
Screams,
Vocal quality,
Pitch,
Loudness. |
Nonvocal, nonverbal communication | Gestures,
Movement,
Appearance,
Facial expression,
Touch |
Repeating | Nonverbal communication repeating comments.
E.g. Repeating directions non verbally by pointing north. |
Complementing | When nonverbal behaviors match the thoughts and emotions the communicator is expressing linguistically.
E.g. Saying "thank you" while smiling. |
Substituting | When nonverbal behaviors substitutes for speech.
E.g. Rolling eyes to a disliked comment. |
Accenting | Using nonverbal devices to emphasize oral messages.
E.g. "It was YOUR idea!" |
Regulating | When nonverbal behaviors influence the flow of verbal communication.
E.g. Nodding to indicate understanding. Looking away or moving toward door to indicate ending to convo. |
Contradicting | Sending mixed messages between verbal and nonverbal behaviors.
E.g. "Angry? No, I'm not angry!" |
Leakage | Inadvertent signs of deception.
Pupil dilation,
Speech errors,
Higher pitch,
Lower rate of speech. |
Monochronic | Cultures emphasizing punctuality, schedules, and completing one task at a time. |
Polychronic | Cultures where more flexible schedules in which multiple tasks are pursued at the same time. |
Kinesics | Body position and motion. |
Body orientation | The degree to which we face toward or away from someone with our body, feet, and head. |
Gestures | Movements of the hands and arms.
-Illustrators
-Emblems
-Adaptors |
Illustrators | Movements that accompany speech but don't stand on their own.
E.g. pointing with fingers and gesture with hands to accompany verbal directions. |
Emblems | Deliberate nonverbal behaviors that have precise meaning, known to virtually everyone within a culture group.
E.g. Head nod means "yes."
Wave means "hello." |
Adaptors | Unconscious bodily movements in response to the environment.
E.g. Shivering when cold.
Folding arms to get warm. |
Manipulators | Self-touching behaviors, a sign of discomfort.
E.g. Fiddling with hands in interview. |
Paralanguage | nonverbal, vocal language.
E.g. Tone, rate, pitch, volume, pauses. |
Unintentional pause | When people stop to collect their thoughts before deciding how best to continue their verbal message. |
Vocalized pause | Disfluencies such as "um," "er," and "uh".
Or filler words that are used habitually such as "like," "okay," and "ya know." |
Haptica | Study of touching. |
| The study of the way people and animals use space.
Distance and territorality. |
Intimate distance | Skin contact to 18 inches. With people we are emotionally close to. |
Personal distance | 18 inches to 4 feet. |
Social distance | 4 to 12 feet. Business. |
Public distance | 12 feet and up. |
Territory | Any geographical area such as work area, room, house, or other physical space to which we assume some kid of "rights." |
Chronemics | Study of how humans use an structure time. |