| Question | Answer |
| which axis of a graph is the dependent variable plotted? | vertical |
| On which axis of a graph is the independent variable plotted? | horizontal |
| step that results in a hypothesis being “educated?” | gathering information |
| hypothesis | an educated guess for a question or problem |
| scientific process often begins with | posing questions |
| A basketball has a mass of 260 grams | quantitative observation |
| kilo | 1,000 |
| measure of the amount of matter in an object | mass |
| used to measure the mass of an object | triple beam balance |
| used to measure the volume of a liquid | graduated cylinder |
| particles in atoms have a negative electric charge | electrons |
| number of protons equals the number of | electrons |
| only particles found in the nucleus of an atom | protons and neutrons |
| have no charge; they are considered neutral | neutrons |
| located outside of the nucleus, orbiting around it | electrons |
| positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom | protons |
| Neutrons are located | in the nucleus |
| atomic number | number of protons |
| most reactive metals | group 1 |
| Elements are in a particular column of the periodic table because | number of valence electrons |
| noble gases are located in group | group 18 |
| Which type of element do groups 13-17 all contain? | metalloids |
| How many valence electrons does an atom of Chlorine have? | 7 |
| How many protons does an atom of Boron have? | 5 |
| How many total electrons does an atom of Helium have? | 2 |
| Atoms of the element Carbon have how many valence electrons? | 4 |
| Group 17, the halogens, contains mostly which type of element? | nonmetals |
| What happens when chemical bonds break and new bonds form? | chemical reaction |
| what does the law of conservation of mass mean? | Matter is not created or destroyed |
| Ionic bonds form between | metal and nonmetal |
| A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons | covalent |
| When an atom gains an electron, it becomes a | negative ion |
| ionic compound | NaCl |
| attractive force between atoms that have transferred valence electrons | ionic bond |
| When an atom loses one or more electrons | positive ion |
| Covalent compounds form between | nonmetals |
| covalent compound | C3H8O |
| mixture that appears uniform throughout | solution |
| solute is present | in a smaller amount |
| molecules move from an area of __ concentration to an area of ___ concentration | higher, lower |
| osmosis is the process of _____ movement | water |
| hypotonic solution | water moves into the cell |
| hypertonic solution | water moves out of the cell |
| isotonic solution | water moves equally in and out of cell |
| solute | gets dissolved |
| solvent | does the dissolving |
| solvent is present | in a larger amount |
| acids produce __ ions | hydrogen |
| bases produce __ ions | hydroxide |
| pH scale measures | concentration of hydrogen ions |
| Concentration of H ions is high | pH is low |
| Concentration of H ions is low | pH is high |
| material used to increase the rate of a chemical reaction | catalyst |
| how to supply activation energy to begin a reaction | heat it up |
| minimum amount of energy that has to be added to start a reaction | activation energy |
| increase in temperature affects the rate of a chemical reaction | gives particles more energy |
| increase in surface area affects the rate of a chemical reaction | speeds up the reaction |
| increase in concentration of reactants affects the rate of a chemical reaction | supplies more particles to react |
