Chemistry Terms | Definitions |
Fluid | A fluid is matter that can flow such as a gas or liquid |
Surface Tension | The attractive forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid |
Temperature | The average kinetic energy of the individual particles of a substance |
Kinetic Energy | Energy of Motion |
crystalline solid | Solids in which the particles are arranged in a repeating, three-dimensional pattern |
amorphous solid | These solids consist of large particles in a random arrangement |
Density | The measure of compactness or how much mass is in a particular volume |
Pressure | The force exerted on a surface divided by the total area over which the force is exerted ----- Pressure = Force / Area |
Atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus |
Atomic Mass (Mass Number) | the number of protons + the number of neutrons in the nucleus |
Isotope | atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons |
Sublimation | process by which a solid changes into a gas without passing through the liquid phase, gaining energy |
Ion | atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of electrons |
Charles' Law | direct relationship between temperature and pressure |
Boyle's Law | Inverse relationship between volume and pressure |
Subatomic Particle | particles that make up an atom |
Nucleus | central region of an atom, contains protons and neutrons, very dense |
Electron Cloud | area surrounding the nucleus of the atom, contains the electrons located in energy levels |
Aristotle | 4 elements: Earth, Fire, Water & Air |
Democritus | atoms cannot be further divided |
John Dalton | all atoms of the same element are alike, an atom is uniform throughout |
JJ Thomson | electrons (embedded in a positive sphere) |
Ernest Rutherford | nucleus (positive charge located here) |
Neils Bohr | energy levels |
Solid Phase of Matter | particles vibrate in place, definite volume, definite shape, low energy state |
Liquid Phase of Matter | Particles are free flowing, no definite shape, definite volume |
Gas Phase of Matter | Particles move to take up all available space, no definite shape or volume, high energy state |
Thermal Energy | total energy of all particles in a sample of matter |
Specific Heat | the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree C |
Heat | movement of energy from a substance of higher temperature to one at lower temperture |
Viscosity | resistance to flow of a liquid |
Plasma State of Matter | Super-heated gas,highest energy,4th state of matter, found in lightning, fluorescent and neon lights, stars |
Bose-Einstein State of Matter | Extremely cold, very slow moving, 5th state of matter, created in 1995 |
Deposition | process by which gas changes directly to a solid without passing through the liquid phase, losing energy |
Vaporization | process by which liquid changes to a gas, gaining energy |
Condensation | process by which a gas changes to a liquid, losing energy |
Freezing | process by which a liquid changes into a solid, losing energy |
Melting | process by which a solid changes into a liquid, gaining energy |