Term | Definition |
Phospholipids | Molecules that ofrm the protective covering that surrounds cells |
Cellulose | Carbohydrate that is one of the most abundant biological molecules on Earth |
Amino Acids | Molecules that link together to form proteins |
Lipids | Group of chemicals that contains fats, waxes, and steroids |
Nucleic acids | Large, complex molecules that contain hereditary, or genetic information |
Carbohydrates | Groups of chemicals, including sugars and starches, that provide energy to organisms |
Enzymes | Group of proteins that help control chemical reactions |
Nucleolus | Structure that makes ribosomes |
Cytoplasm | Semifluid substance made primarily of water and organic compounds |
Eukaryote | Cell containing a nucleus |
Cell Membrane | Thin layer of lipid and protein that separates the cell's contents from the environment |
Prokaryote | Cell containing no nucleus |
Organelles | Structures that carry out the functions in a cell |
Bilayer | Two phospholipid layers of the cell membrane |
Nucleus | Control center of the cell |
Chromosomes | Structures containing coded blueprints that control cell activity |
Semipermeable | allowing only certain molecules to pass through membrane |
Diffusion | The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
Concentration Gradient | The difference between the concentration of a particular molecule in one area and its concentration in a neighboring area |
Osmosis | The diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane |
Hypertonic Solution | Solution having a higher concentration of solutes outside a cell than the concentration of solutes inside the cell |
Hypotonic Solution | A solution having a lower concentration of solutes outside the cell than the concentration of solutes inside the cell |
Isotonic Solution | A solution whose concentration is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell |
Facilitated Diffusion | The process of transporting molecules by carrier proteins during diffusion |
Active Transport | Transport of a substance across a cell membrane requring the use of energy; occurs against a concentration gradient |
Bulk Transport | When large molecules, food, and other substances are packaged and moved across the membrane |