| Question | Answer |
| Functions of the Skeletal System | Support- Gives Shape Protection- cranium, vertebral column and ribcage |
| Hematopoiesis | Formation of blood cells |
| Calcification | Mineralzation of uncalcified matrix |
| Intramembranous Ossification | Replacement of Dense Fibrous connective tissue. 1. Flat Bones of Roof of Skull 2. The Mandible 3. The Medial 1/2 of the Clavicle |
| Endochondral Ossification | Replacement of Hyaline Cartilages. 1. Rest of bones in skull 2. The lateral 1/2 of the Clavicle 3. The rest of the bones except two sesamoid bones included in the names 206 body bones |
| Perichondrium | Covers shaft of the cartilage template bone. |
| Epiphyseal Plate | Controls Longitude Growth contains: Growth Zone and Chondroblasts-constantly undergo mitosis. |
| Diaphyseal Side | Transformation Zone- chondroclasts and osteoblasts found here |
| Long Bones | femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, plalanges- composed mostly of compact bone. |
| Short Bones | Tarsals and carpals |
| Irregular Bones | Vertebrae |
| Seasamoid Bones | Patellas and Pisiforms |
| Hypocalcemia Effects | Spontaneous Depolarization Weekness of Cardiac Muscles - inadequare supply of blood to the general circulation. Interfernce with blood coagulation. |
| Hyperparathryoidism | The over productions of PTH |
| Hypercalcemia Effects | Asthenia-Weakness of Skeletal Muscles Strong irregular contractions of the heart Clotting |
| The following are bone conditions | Blank |
| Osteitis deformans | Paget's Disease-bone resorpation and formation increases ( simanteous thickening and softening of bones |
| Osteoporosis | Reduction in the quantity of bone, atrophy of skeletal tissue. 80% cases in woman. |
| Osteopenia | any condition involving reduced bone mass |
| Osteomalacia | Sofening of the bones due to impaired mineralzation with excess accumalation of matrix- Rickets |
| Osteomyelitis | Inflamation of the bone |
| Periostium Layers- OUTER | Outer Dense fibrous collagenous containing nerves. |
| Periostium Layers- Inner | Elastic C.T. membrane called the osteogenic layer. |
| Sharpey's fibers | Tufts of collangenous fibers that physically attach the periosteum to the bone. |
| Types of Fractures-Open | Broken end of bone protrudes through skin |
| Types of Fractures-Closed | Non-protruding ends |
| Types of Fractures-Open reduction | Surgical setting |
| Types of Fractures-Closed reduction | Non-surgical setting |
| Rotator Cuff Tendons | 1. Supraspinatus 2. InfraSpinatus 3. Teres Minor 4. Subscapularis |
| Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa- | Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa- inflammation of it causes "housemaid's knee. |
| Osteoathritis of Knee | Knee replacement total is call knee arthoplasty |
| Knee Arthroscopy | Scope knee-sham surgery to make patient think they are better. |
| Complete Fracture | Goes Completely thru bone structure |
| Incomplete fracture | Fracture doesnt go completely through bone, greenstick and hairline |
| Non-displaced Fracture | Anatomical alignment does not remain the same |
| Comminuted Fracture | Bone broken in more then one plase; Depressed fracture |
| Compression Fracture | Crushed completely |
| Stage of Hematoma | Large Blood Clot-forms around broken end of bone |
| Stage of Callus formation | Loosely-wooven cartilaginous tissue which serves to termporarily "bridge " the fracture. |
| Formation order | Fibrocatilaginous callus Bony callus- spongy bone Stage of calcification |
| Wolff's Law | Bones in Humans and Animals will adapt to the pressure put on them |
| Components of an Osteon | Haversian Concentric Lacunae Canaliculi |
| Interstitial Lamellae Components | Interstitial lamellae Lacunae Canaliculi |
| Spongey Bone Contains | Trabeculae- Thin plates of bone Lacunae- embedded in trabculae |
| Hyoid Bone | Only bone in the human body that has no articulations, held by to stylohyoid ligaments |
| Cuvatures of Spine | Congenital Disease Injury Poor Body Posture |
| Functions of Vertabral Column | Support Levers for Muscles Protection of Spinal Cord Withstand forces of compression |
| Functions of Intervertebral Discs | Cushions for the vertebrae Shock apsorbers |
| Most Common injuries to Vertebrae | Crush Hyperexstension- severs spinal cord |
| Dispathology | Herniated disc can lead to nerve root irritation |
| Parts of Interverterbral Discs | Outer Layer- Dense carlage- Annulus Fibrosus Inner- soft resilient later- Nucleus Pulposus |
