Part | Composition/Location | Primary Function |
microvilli | short extensions of cell membrane | absorb materials into cell |
nucleus | DNA and proteins | contains chromosomes |
nucleolus | RNA, DNA and protein/small body in nucleus | makes ribosomes |
cytoplasm | colloidial suspension filling cell | contains cytosol and organelles |
cytosol | fluid portion of cytoplasm | surrounds organelles |
rough ER | network of membranes surrounding nucleus | sorts proteins and forms them into more complex compounds |
smooth ER | network of membranes surrounding nucleus | involved with lipid synthesis |
ribosomes | RNA and protein | manufacture protein |
mitochondria | large organelles with folded membranes inside | convert energy from nutrients into ATP |
Golgi apparatus | layers of membranes | makes compounds containing proteins, sorts and prepares them for transport |
lysosomes | small sacs of digestive enzymes | digest substances within cell |
peroxisomes | membrane-enclosed organelles containing enzymes | digest substances within cell |
vesicles | small membrane-bound sacs | store materials and move bulk materials into and out of cell |
centrioles | two rod-shaped bodies near nucleus | help separate chromosomes during cell division |
cilia | short, hair-like projections on cell membrane | move fluids around cell |
flagellum | long, whip-like extension | moves sperm cell |
plasma membrane | lipids & proteins/outer layer of cell | encloses and regulates cell contents |