Question | Answer |
What are some Basal Cell Carcinoma characteristics (5)? | -grows slowly
-Originating in the epidermis
-metastasis rare
-common cause: sun damage/exposure
-Prognosis good, can be cured |
What are some Squamous Cell Carcinoma characteristics (6)? | -Originates in sun damaged skin
-Fair skin a risk factor
-60 yo's have peak incidence
-Diagnosis difficult
-Metastasis can happen
-Prognosis excellent with Rx |
What are some Malignant Melanoma characteristics (6)? | -Northern European genetics a risk factor
-melanocyte origin
-middle age (40-60) peak incidence
-increased intensity of sun exposure more dangerous
-can metastasize and spread quickly
-brain, lung, liver, bone, skin, and CNS involvement fatal in 12mo |
What are some common characteristics of Breast Cancer (6)? | -2nd leading cause of cancer deaths in women
-70% in women over 50
-Lump presentation
-Mass not painful, but firm and irregular.
-lung, lymph node, bone, skin and brain involvement common
-rx includes surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and hormonal the |
What are some common characteristics of Lung Cancer (5)? | -Originates in Epithelium of pulmonary tracts
-No. 1 cause of cancer deaths
-Sx include cough, sputum, dyspnea
-Rapid metastasis to adrenal glands, brain, bone, liver.
-smoking main risk, others: geographic location, occupational hazards, environment |
What are some Pancreatic Cancer characteristics (5)? | -#4 cause of cancer deaths
-African/Americans most common patient
-early sx include weight loss, abdominal pain, decreased appetite
-other sx: jaundice, obtruction, back pain
-poor prognosis, c/ metastasis to liver, lungs, colon, stomach, spleen |
Brain Cancer characteristics include(4)? | -Brain common Metastasis target
-sx based on brain location
-headaches, seizures, cognitive and emotional impairments
-poor prognosis with both primary and metastasis cancers. |
Leukemia has what characteristics (5)? | -Malignant neoplasm of the white blood cells
-Main Sx: Anemia, infection, bruising/bleeding tendencies
-two acute and two chronic versions
-no cure for chronic lymphocytic version->fatal
-Rx includes hormone therapy, stem cell and bone marrow transpla |
Lymphoma: Hodgkin's disease characteristics. | -Reed-Sternberg cells present
-metastasize to liver, bone marrow, spleen, and lungs
-risks: Epstein-Barr virus, immunosuppressant use, drug use, obesity, autoimmune disorders.
-one of the most curable cancers. |
Lymphoma: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characteristics. | -solid tumors found in the lymphatic system
-risks: benzene(smoking), auto emissions, high levels of polychlonnated biphenyls (meats, dairy, fish)
-prognosis varies on classification, co-morbidities, Rx response
-classified by size, b and t cell marker |
What is Multiple Myeloma? | -malignant neoplasm of plasma cells, found in bone marrow of flat bones
-initial sign: bone pain, altered erythrocyte, leukocyte and platelet production
-anemia, bleeding tendencies, infection susceptibility
-rx: no cure, but can be prolonged |
Sarcoma: Characteristics of a Bone Tumor | -4 types: Osteosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, Angiosarcoma
-pain, swelling and fever
-metastasize to lungs, liver, and other bones
-biopsy diagnosis, Rx: radiation, chemo, excision, amputation
-Osteoblastic, or osteolytic |
Colon Cancer: the 3rd leading cancer killer | -Adenocarcinoma is primary bowel cancer
-Risks: genetic syndromes, male, Crohn's disease, polyps, colitis, sendentary, smoking, high fat diet
-signs: change in bowel habits, bright red blood c/ stool, stomach pain
-metastasis: liver, lungs, bone, brain |
Liver Cancer: Jaundice! Hepatocellular is the most common.. | Risks: age, HBV, HCV, male, alcohol abuse, anabolic steroids, oral contraceptives
-Sx: GI pain, ab distention, anorexia, weight loss, change in bowel habits..
-Dx requires biopsy, 35% 5 year survival rate c/ Rx |
Prostate Cancer: Adenocarcinoma most common, 2nd cancer killer of men... | -risks: 50+, high fat diet, genetics, African descent, cadmium exposure
-metastasis: bladder, MS system, lungs, lymph nodes
-asymptomatic until advanced stages: Sx: urinary obs vFlow, pain, urgency
-Rx: incision, radiation, hormone therapy, 90% sur rat |
Cervical Cancer: HPV and women... | -Risks: HPV, smoking, diethylstilbestrol, african descent, oral contraceptives, STD.
-Sx: abnormal bleeding, pelvic/low back pain, bladder and bowel impairment
-Dx: Pap smear, Rx: laser, excision, cryotherapy, hysterectomy, chemo, radiation
-Prog: good |