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Onc Pathology PTA
Oncology Pathology based on Score Builders Study Materials
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are some Basal Cell Carcinoma characteristics (5)? | -grows slowly -Originating in the epidermis -metastasis rare -common cause: sun damage/exposure -Prognosis good, can be cured |
| What are some Squamous Cell Carcinoma characteristics (6)? | -Originates in sun damaged skin -Fair skin a risk factor -60 yo's have peak incidence -Diagnosis difficult -Metastasis can happen -Prognosis excellent with Rx |
| What are some Malignant Melanoma characteristics (6)? | -Northern European genetics a risk factor -melanocyte origin -middle age (40-60) peak incidence -increased intensity of sun exposure more dangerous -can metastasize and spread quickly -brain, lung, liver, bone, skin, and CNS involvement fatal in 12mo |
| What are some common characteristics of Breast Cancer (6)? | -2nd leading cause of cancer deaths in women -70% in women over 50 -Lump presentation -Mass not painful, but firm and irregular. -lung, lymph node, bone, skin and brain involvement common -rx includes surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and hormonal the |
| What are some common characteristics of Lung Cancer (5)? | -Originates in Epithelium of pulmonary tracts -No. 1 cause of cancer deaths -Sx include cough, sputum, dyspnea -Rapid metastasis to adrenal glands, brain, bone, liver. -smoking main risk, others: geographic location, occupational hazards, environment |
| What are some Pancreatic Cancer characteristics (5)? | -#4 cause of cancer deaths -African/Americans most common patient -early sx include weight loss, abdominal pain, decreased appetite -other sx: jaundice, obtruction, back pain -poor prognosis, c/ metastasis to liver, lungs, colon, stomach, spleen |
| Brain Cancer characteristics include(4)? | -Brain common Metastasis target -sx based on brain location -headaches, seizures, cognitive and emotional impairments -poor prognosis with both primary and metastasis cancers. |
| Leukemia has what characteristics (5)? | -Malignant neoplasm of the white blood cells -Main Sx: Anemia, infection, bruising/bleeding tendencies -two acute and two chronic versions -no cure for chronic lymphocytic version->fatal -Rx includes hormone therapy, stem cell and bone marrow transpla |
| Lymphoma: Hodgkin's disease characteristics. | -Reed-Sternberg cells present -metastasize to liver, bone marrow, spleen, and lungs -risks: Epstein-Barr virus, immunosuppressant use, drug use, obesity, autoimmune disorders. -one of the most curable cancers. |
| Lymphoma: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characteristics. | -solid tumors found in the lymphatic system -risks: benzene(smoking), auto emissions, high levels of polychlonnated biphenyls (meats, dairy, fish) -prognosis varies on classification, co-morbidities, Rx response -classified by size, b and t cell marker |
| What is Multiple Myeloma? | -malignant neoplasm of plasma cells, found in bone marrow of flat bones -initial sign: bone pain, altered erythrocyte, leukocyte and platelet production -anemia, bleeding tendencies, infection susceptibility -rx: no cure, but can be prolonged |
| Sarcoma: Characteristics of a Bone Tumor | -4 types: Osteosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, Angiosarcoma -pain, swelling and fever -metastasize to lungs, liver, and other bones -biopsy diagnosis, Rx: radiation, chemo, excision, amputation -Osteoblastic, or osteolytic |
| Colon Cancer: the 3rd leading cancer killer | -Adenocarcinoma is primary bowel cancer -Risks: genetic syndromes, male, Crohn's disease, polyps, colitis, sendentary, smoking, high fat diet -signs: change in bowel habits, bright red blood c/ stool, stomach pain -metastasis: liver, lungs, bone, brain |
| Liver Cancer: Jaundice! Hepatocellular is the most common.. | Risks: age, HBV, HCV, male, alcohol abuse, anabolic steroids, oral contraceptives -Sx: GI pain, ab distention, anorexia, weight loss, change in bowel habits.. -Dx requires biopsy, 35% 5 year survival rate c/ Rx |
| Prostate Cancer: Adenocarcinoma most common, 2nd cancer killer of men... | -risks: 50+, high fat diet, genetics, African descent, cadmium exposure -metastasis: bladder, MS system, lungs, lymph nodes -asymptomatic until advanced stages: Sx: urinary obs vFlow, pain, urgency -Rx: incision, radiation, hormone therapy, 90% sur rat |
| Cervical Cancer: HPV and women... | -Risks: HPV, smoking, diethylstilbestrol, african descent, oral contraceptives, STD. -Sx: abnormal bleeding, pelvic/low back pain, bladder and bowel impairment -Dx: Pap smear, Rx: laser, excision, cryotherapy, hysterectomy, chemo, radiation -Prog: good |
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