Cranial Nerve | Type | Innervates | Fxns | Origin | Exits Skull | tests for lesion |
7- Facial Nerve | mixed and parasympathetic | facial muscles, middle ear, oral cavity, platysma, stylohyoid, posterior belly digastric | motor- facial expressions, inner ear. sensory- taste (ant 2/3 tongue). parasym- salivates (submandibular & sublingual glands), mucus secreting, tears (lacrimal gland) | pons | internal auditory meatus, stylomastoid foramen, petrotympanic fissure/ PCF | cannot taste/ cannot cry |
8- Vestibulocochlear | sensory | inner ear | hearing, linear acceleration (gravity), angular acceleration (head turning) | pons | Internal Auditory Meatus/ PCF | cannot hear |
9- Glossopharyngeal | mixed and parasympathetic | pharynx, neck, tongue | motor- 1 muscle for swallowing. sensory- taste and somatic sensation for post. 1/3 tongue, pharynx, tonsils, sensory to carotid body and sinus. parasymp- salivate (parotid gland) | medulla | jugular foramen/ PCF | gag reflex |
10- Vagus | mixed and parasympathetic | neck, pharynx, larynx, GI tract, palate | motor- palate, pharynx, larynx. sensory- larynx and GI. parasymp- smooth muscle of GI and gut | medulla | jugular foramen/ PCF | cannot swallow/ cannot speak |
11- Accessory | motor | trapezius, sternocleidomastoid | scapular movement, neck flexion and rotation | medulla | jugular foramen/ PCF | cannot elevate/ retract scapula |
12- Hypoglossal | motor | all intrinsic and 3 of 4 extrinsic tongue muscles | tongue movement | medulla | hypoglassal canal/ PCF | cannot protrude tongue |