Question | Answer |
systemic study of human society and social interaction | sociology |
large social grouping that shares the same geographical terriotry and is subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations | society |
relationship in which the lives of all people are intertwined closely and any ones nations problems are part of a larger global problem | global indepence |
ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society | sociological imagination |
nations with highly industrialized economies | high income countries or industrial countriesexamples: US, canada, Australia, NZ, japan |
nations with industrializing economies, usually in urban areas | middle income countries/ developing countries; developing countries |
nations with little industralization and low levels of nation and personal income | low income countries/ underdeveloped countries |
process by which socities are transformed from depedence on agriculure and handmade productes to an empahsis on manufactuing and related industries | industrialization |
process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities rather that in rural areas | urbanization |
belief that the world can best be understood through scientific inquiry. who created this? | called positivism; Auguste Comte |
herbert spencers belief that those species of animals, including humans best adapted to their enviroment surive and prosper, whereas those poorly adapted die out | social darwinism |
who believed a society would emerge if women and men were treated equally | Harriet Martineau |
Emilie Durkheims term for partterned ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that exist outside any one individual but that exert social control over each person | social facts |
Emilie Durkheims designation for a condition in which social control becomes ineffective as a result of the loss of shared values and of a sense of purpose in society | anomie |
anomie is likely to occur in a peroid of | social change |
who belived that conflict especially between social classes is necessary in order to produce social change and a better society | Karl Marx |
who acknowleged that economic intrests are important in shaping human action. and thought that economic systems were heavily infuenced by other factors in society | Max Weber |
a set of logically interrelated statements that attempts to describe, explain, and predict social events | theory |
the sociological approach that views society as a stable, ordely system | functionalist perspectives |
functions that are intended and or overtly recongized by the participants in a social unit | manifest functions |
unintended functions that are hidden and remain unacknowledged by partipants | latent functions |
the sociological approach that views groups in society as engaged in a countinous power struggle for control of scarce resources | conflict perspective |
an approach that examines whole societies, large-scale social structures and social systems | macrolevel analysis |
sociological theory and research that focus on small groups rather than on large-scale social structures | microlevel analysis |
society is the sum of interactions of individuals and groups | symbolic interactionist perspectives |
attempts to explain social life in modern societies that are characertized by postindustrialization, consumerism and global comunications | post modern perspectives |
statement of the expected relationship between two or more variables | hypothesis |
any concept with measureable traits or characteristics that can change or vary from one person, time, situation or society to another | variable |
in an experiment, that variable assumed to be the cuase of the relationship between variables | independent variable |
in an experiment, that variable assumed to be caused by the independent variables | dependent variable |
the extent to which a study or research instrament accurately measures what it is supposed to measure | validity |
the extent to which a study or research instrument yields consistent results when applied to different individuals at one time or to the same individuals over time | reliablity |