Question | Answer |
Virus | A tiny non-living particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell. |
Host | The organism that a parasite or virus lives in or on. |
Parasite | The organism that benefits by living on or in a host in a parasitism interaction. |
Bacteriophage | A virus that infects bacteria. |
Bacteria | Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes. |
Flagellum | a long whip-like structure that helps a cell to move |
asexual reproduction | a reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent |
sexual reproduction | reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents |
conjugation | the process in which a unicellular organism transfers some of its genetic material to another unicellular organism |
endospore | a small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell |
pasteurization | a process of heating food to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste of the food |
decomposer | an organism that breaks down chemicals from wastes and dead organisms, and returns important materials to the soil and water |
protist | a eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, a plant, or a fungus |
protozoan | an animal-like protist |
pseudopod | a "false foot" or temporary bulge of cytoplasm used for feeding and movement in some protozoans |
contractile vacuole | the cell structure that collects extra water from the cytoplasm and then expels it from the cell |
cilia | the hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner |
symbiosis | a close relationship between two organisms of different species that benefits at least one of the organisms |
mutualism | a close relationship between two organisms of two species in which both organisms benefit. |
algae | plantlike protists |
fungi | a eukaryotic organism that has cell walls, uses spores to reproduce, and is a heterotroph that feeds by absorbing its food |
hyphae | the branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi |
fruiting body | the reproductive structure of a fungus that contains many hyphae and produces spores |
budding | a form of asexual reproduction of yeast in which a new cell grows out of the body of a parent |
lichen | the combination of a fungus and either an alga or an autotrophic bacterium that live together in a mutualistic relationship |
binary fission | a form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells. |
spore | a tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism. |