Question | Answer |
The oblique, multilayered, translucent, pearly grey barrier between the external auditory canal and middle ear. Adheres to the malleus. | Tympanic Membrane |
The air-filled space behind the tympanic membrane contains the malleus, incus, and stapes. | Middle ear |
responsible for the translation of sound to cranial nerve VIII | Inner Ear |
vestibulocochlear, or auditory nerve | Cranial nerve VIII |
The conduits of the inner ear, consists of which consists of the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea | Bony Labyrinth |
includes the portions of the inner ear responsible for hearing | The cochlea |
Sound is delivered through the auditory nerve to the auditory cortex in this area of the brain. | temporal lobe |
Measure of units of amplitude | Decibels (dB) |
Portion of ear that interprets two components of sound: Amplitude (volume) and frequency (pitch) | The cochlea |
the normal pathway for sounds to travel to the inner ear | Air conduction (AC) |
bypassing the external ear and delivering sound waves/vibrations directly to the inner ear through the skull | Bone conduction (BC) |
occurs when sound wave transmission through the external or middle ear is disrupted. It may result in either blockage of the external auditory canal by cerumen or fluid in the middle ear | Conductive Hearing Loss |
a hearing problem somewhere beyond the middle ear, from inner ear to auditory cortex. Sites of dysfunction include the cochlea, organ of Corti, auditory nerve, and auditory cortex. | Sensorineural hearing loss |
common form of sensorineural loss, results from gradual degeneration of nerves and sensory hair cells of the organ of Corti. Such degeneration may be related to either aging or use of ototoxic drugs (e.g., gentamicin) | Presbycusis |
perception of buzzing or ringing in one or both ears that does not correspond with an external sound. It is fairly common, affecting 10% to 15% of the population. thought to be an inability to filter internal noise from the external input of sound. | Tinnitus |
The semicircular canals and vestibule (utricle and saccule) provide the body with | proprioception and equilibrium |
Awareness of the position in space, and of the relation to the rest of the body, of any body part. | proprioception |
harmonious adjustment of different elements or parts; called also balance | Equilibrium |
Ear wax | Cerumen |
Most common type of cerumen in caucasians and African Americans | Wet |
Most common type of cerumen in asians and native Americans. | Dry |
abnormal accumulation of squamous epithelium within the middle ear. The growth can erode the auditory ossicles and cause great damage to the patient's hearing. | cholesteatoma |
Third most common sight of basal cell carcinoma because of forgetting sunscreen. | Ear |
As many as 75% of children have at least one episode by their third birthday; 50% of these have three or more episodes in their first 3 years | Ear infections |
Increases risk for risk for TM rupture, scarring, and hearing loss. | Recurrent ear infections |
Can cause sensorineural deafness in those who have not been vaccinated, did not develop immunity with vaccination, or had decreased immunity over time. | Mumps |
Maternal exposure can cause deafness in infant | Rubella |
farmers, firefighters, police, emergency medical technicians, heavy machinery operators (e.g., construction workers), military personnel, and members of the music industry are at risk for? | Harmful noise exposure |
Those exposed to smoke show an increased prevalence of | Early onset hearing loss |
help equalize pressure on either side of the TM | Eustachian tubes |
aminoglycosides, antiinflammatory agents, antimalarials (e.g., quinine), diuretics (e.g., furosemide), nonnarcotic analgesics containing salicylates, antipyretics containing salicylates, erythromycin, quinidine sulfate, and antineoplastic drugs. | Ototoxic agents |