Question | Answer |
Genetics | The science heredity; study of inherited variation |
The different fields of genetics | Transmission (classical) genetics, molecular genetics, and population genetics |
Transmission/classical genetics | The study of how genes and traits are transmitted/passed on from one generation to the next. |
Individual | The focus in transmission genetics is the —— organisms |
Molecular genetics | The study of genetics at the biochemical (DNA) level |
Gene | The focus of molecular genetics is the —— |
Population genetics | The study of the genetic composition of populations (groups of members of the same species), and how that composition changes over time and space |
Group of genes | The focus of population genetics is the ——— found in a population as it pertains to evolution |
Model organisms used in genetics studies | Zebra fish, E. coli, mouse (mus musculus), drosophila fly), |
How has studies of the zebra fish (SLC24A5) helped geneticists? | Helped in the study of human skin color; the gene coded for a protein that takes part in Ca+2 uptake by melanosomes (Cheng); human have the similar gene with that same function |
The importance of genetics when studying the individual | Genes are fundamental to the behavioral and physical characteristics of an individual; genes contribute to personality and intelligence; genes regulate development ; they contribute to physical appearance; and contribute to disease suceptibility |
The importance of genetics in society | Genetics application have contributed to major advances in basic research, forensic science, agriculture, and medicine. |
The importance of genetics in biology | Genetic variation is the foundation for the diversity of life, and allows evolution to occur. |
DNA | The genetic Material |
Some of the dates for some of the important DNA discoveries | 1900s (Morgan et al), 1928 (Griffith), 1944 (Avery, MacLeod and McCarty) , 1952 (Hershey and Chase), 1953 (Watson and Crick), 1957 (Fraenkel-Conrats at al) |
What discovery did Morgan's group make in the early 1900s? | Determined that genes are located on chromosomes |
What discovery did Griffith make in 1928? | Discovred bacterial transformation |
What discovery did Avery, MacLeod and McCarty make in 1944? | Showed that the "transforming principle" in the bacteria is DNA, thereby DNA is the genetic material |
What discovery did Hershey and Chase make in 1952? | Provided further evidence that DNA is the genetic material by showing that DNA carries the genetic material in bacteriophage T2. |
What discovery did Watson and Crick make in 1953? | Discovered the 3D structure of DNA |
What discovery did Fraenkel-Conrat's group made in 1957? | Showed that the RNA stores the genetic information in the tobacco mosaic virus. |
What was Griffith's transformation experiment? | |