Question | Answer |
What type of bond does H20 form? | Polar Covalent. |
What happens in a polar covalent bond? | The electrons shared between the atoms are closer to the nucleus of the more electronegative atom. In water, the electrons tend to stay near the oxygen atom. |
What region of water is slightly positive, and which is slightly negative? | Oxygen: slightly negative. Hydrogen: slightly positive. |
How do water molecules bond with each other? | Hydrogen bonds. |
Which bond is stronger: polar covalent or hydrogen? | Polar Covalent. Hydrogen bonds are constantly breaking, forming, and reforming. |
What can happen when 2 water molecules dissociate? | The partial charges formed when the bonds break and reform can form 1 hydronium ion (H3O+) and 1 hydroxide ion (OH-). |
What kinds of unique properties does water posses? | Cohesion, adhesion, surface tension, the ability to dissolve many other materials (universal solvent), and the ability to expand upon freezing, high specific heat, able to moderate the temperature of surrounding air. |
What is cohesion? | The attraction of two like materials. This refers to the binding of hydrogen bonds that hold water molecules together. |
What is adhesion? | It can stick (through hydrogen bonds) to other substances. |
What is surface tension? Does water have a high or low surface tension? | Surface tension refers to measure of the enhanced inter-molecular forces at the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension. |
What type of solvent is water? | Water is referred to as the universal solvent. Many substances on earth can dissolve in water. |
What happens when water freezes? | It expands upon freezing, making ice less dense than liquid water. |
What is specific heat? Does water have a high or low specific heat? | Specific heat is the amount of heat, expressed in calories, needed to raise one gram of a substance by 1°C. Water has a high specific heat. |
What states of matter can water be found in? | Solid, liquid, and gas. |
What is the water cycle? | Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and transpiration. |
What are the main sources of energy for the water cycle? | The sun and gravity. |