Question | Answer |
CHROMOSOME | DNA in the nucleus of the cell;
contains all of the directions that a cell needs to
survive
for most of a cell’s life, chromosomes exist as
chromatin |
CHROMATIN | chromatin:
long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins |
CELL CYCLE | The Cell Cycle:
sequence of growth and division of a cell |
INTERPHASE | G1 phase: cell grows
S phase: Chromosomes copy themselves and form sister chromatids (so that each new cell will have all the chromosomes the original cell had)
G2 phase: cell grows
mitosis, or cell division, occurs |
MITOSIS | cell division that produces 2 daughter cells that are identical to the original cell |
PROPHASE | Nuclear membrane falls apart
chromasomes condense
centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell and start to form spindle fibers |
SISTER CHROMATIDS | daughter cells that are identical to the original cell1 |
CENTROMERE | the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the kinetochore, during cell division. |
CENTRIOLE | a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division. |
SPINDLE | slender mass of microtubules formed when a cell divides. At metaphase, the chromosomes become attached to it by their centromeres before being pulled toward its ends. |
METAPHASE | the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers. |
TELOPHASE | Telophase:chromosomes decondense
spindle fibers break down
new nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes |
CYTOKINESIS | Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides, forming 2 new cells |
TISSUE | Mitosis is used to create multicellular organisms
Cell --> Tissue --> Organ --> Organ system --> Organism
Example:muscle cell --> muscle tissue --> stomach --> digestive system --> animal |
ORGAN | multicellular organism |
ORGAN SYSTEM | Example:muscle cell --> muscle tissue --> stomach --> digestive system --> animal |