Term | Definition |
L1: Muscle Weakness | None |
L1: Affected Reflex | None |
L1: Paresthesias | Groin; After holding posture, which causes pain |
L2: Dermatome | Back, front of thigh to knee |
L2: Muscle Weakness | Psoas, hip adductors |
L2: Affected Reflex | None |
L2: Paresthesias | Occasionally anterior thigh |
L3: Dermatome | Back, upper buttock, anterior thigh and knee, medial lower leg |
L3: Muscle Weakness | Psoas, quadriceps, thigh atrophy |
L3: Affected Reflex | Knee jerk sluggish, PKB positive, pain on full SLR |
L3: Paresthesias | Medial knee, anterior lower leg |
L4: Dermatome | Medial buttock, lateral thigh, medial leg, dorsum of foot, big toe. |
L4: Muscle Weakness | Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis |
L4: Affected Reflex | SLR limited, neck flexion pain, weak or absent knee jerk, side flexion limited |
L4: Paresthesias | Medial aspect of calf and ankle |
L5: Dermatome | Buttock, posterior and lateral thigh, lateral aspect of leg, dorsum of foot, medial half of sole, and toes 1-3 |
L5: Muscle Weakness | Extensor hallucis, peroneals, gluteus medius, dorsiflexors, hamstrings and calf atrophy |
L5: Affected Reflex | SLR limited one side, neck flexion painful, ankle decreased, crossed-leg raising pain |
L5: Paresthesias | Lateral aspect of leg, medial 3 toes |
S1: Dermatome | Lateral and plantar aspect of foot |
S1: Muscle Weakness | Calf and hamstrings, wasting of gluteals, peroneals, plantar flexors |
S1: Affected Reflex | SLR limited, Achilles reflex weak or absent |
S1: Paresthesias | Lateral 2 toes, lateral foot, lateral leg to knee, plantar aspect of foot. |
S2: Dermatome | Buttock, thigh, and posterior leg |
S2: Muscle Weakness | Same as S1 excepts peroneals |
S2: Affected Reflex | Same as S1 |
S2: Paresthesias | Lateral leg, knee, and heal |
S3: Dermatome | Groin, posteromedial thigh to knee |
S3: Muscle Weakness | None |
S3: Affected Reflex | None |
S3: Paresthesias | None |
S4: Dermatome | Perineum, genitals, lower sacrum |
S4: Muscle Weakness | Bladder, Rectum |
S4: Affected Reflex | None |
S4: Paresthesias | Saddle area, genitals, anus, impotence, massive posterior, herniation |
L1: Dermatome | Back, over trochanter and groin |