| Drug | Category | Action | Use | Notes |
| Diazepam | Benzodiazepine | - GABA(A) Rc facilitation
- | - sedative
- pre-anesthetic | - safer because don't activate without GABA
- reverse with flumazenil |
| Opioids | | - stimulate pre and post ORc | - analgesia (4-6 hrs)
- sedation
- antidiarrheal | |
| Fentanyl | Opioid | - Full MOR agonist | - profound pain relief
- | - overdose causes seizures |
| Pentazocine | Opioid | - Full KOR agonist, partial MOR agonist | - with fentanyl full analgesia but less overdose risk | |
| Codeine | Local anesthetic
Cocaine derivative | - Metabolized to morphine | - analgesic | |
| Carfentanyl | Opioid | | - chemical immomibilzation | - 10000x analgesic potency of morphine |
| Etorphine (M99) | Opioid | | | - 3000x morphine
- wildlife tranquilizer
- reversal agent naloxone (human), diprenorphine (animal) |
| Sodium Thiopental | Barbiturate | - Inhibit BABA dissociation - increase open channel time | - Induction Agent | - low TI
- intense CNS depression
- can induce GABA(A)R on its own |
| Propofol | Sedative/anesthetic | - binds GABA(A)R at same site as ethanol | - sedative and anesthetic
- induction
- short surgical prodecures | - still low TI but better than barbiturates
- fast, smooth, complete recovery
- most hypotensive |
| Ketamine | Phencyclidine
(dissociative anesthetic) | - NMDA Rc block
- GABAR inhibitor | - | - Inhibits senses without unconsciousness
- Mod-profound anesthesia |
| Nitrous oxide (N2O) | Inhalant Anesthetic | | Lowers amount of other inhalants needed
Analgesic | |
| Cocaine | Local anesthetic | Sympathomimetic (lowers NE release | Topical rhinolaryngologic | |
| Procaine | Local anesthetic | Ester - short duration | | |
| Bupivacaine | Local anesthetic | slower onset (15 min), longer duration (2-4hr) | | Ventricular arrhythmias from IV bolus |
| Levobupivicaine | Local anesthetic | | | Bupivacaine s-enantiomer |
| Proparacaine | Local anesthetic | | Eye anesthetic | |
| Lidocaine | Local anesthetic | | | |
| Halothane | Cyclopropane
Inhalant Anesthetic | Anesthetic | | - sensitizes myocardium to epi (arrhythmias)
Hepatotoxic metabolites |
| Isofluorane | Inhalant Anesthetic | Anesthetic | | Poor tissue solubility
No hepatic/renal toxicity
Pungent odor |
| Sevofluorane | Inhalant Anesthetic | Anesthetic | | |
