Question | Answer |
The stomach has 3 primary functions | storing food until it can be processed in the lower GI tract: miking food with gastric secretions until it is a partially digested, semisolid mixture known as chyme: and slowly emptying the stomach at a rate that allows proper digestion and absorption |
what secretory cells line portions of the stomach | chief, parietal, and mucus cells |
chief cells secrete | pepsinogen, an inactive enzyme |
Parietal cells secrete | hydrochloric acid by way of a hydrogen ion pump, which activates pepsinogen to pepsin |
normal pH of the stomach? | 1 to 5, depending on the presence of food and medications |
mucous cells | secrete mucus, which coats the stomach wall and protects the stomach wall from damage by hydrochloric acid and pepsin |
Lipases digest? | Fat |
Gastric Amalase digests? | carbohydrates |
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | is the reflux of gastric secretions, primarily pepsin and hydrochloric acid, up into the esophagus |
Causes of GERD | weakened lower esophageal sphincter, delayed gastric emptying, hiatal hernia, obesity, overeating, tight fitting clothing, and increased acid secretions |
frequent bouts of GERD lead to | inflammation, tissue erosion and ulcerations in the lower esophagus |
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) | refers to several stomach disorders that result from an imbalance between acidic stomach contents and the body normal defense barrier causing ulcerations in the GI tract |
Antacids | lower the acidity of gastric secretions by buffering the hydrochloric acid, are commonly used for heartburn, excessive eating and drinking and PUD |
Simethicone is | a defaming agent that breaks up gas bubbles in the stomach, reducing stomach distention and heartburn. |
the most effective antacid are combinations of | aluminum hydroxide, magnesium oxide or hydroxide, and calcium carbonate |
who should use low sodium antacids | patients with edema, heart failure, hypertension, renal failure, pregnancy, or salt restricted diets |