Question | Answer |
Binary Fission | a form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells. |
cancer | the disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body. |
Cell Cycle | series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide |
Cell Division | The process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells. |
Cytokinesis | The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells. |
DNA Replication | the process of making a copy of DNA |
Interphase | period of the cell cycle between cell divisions in which the cell grows |
Mitosis | a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei |
Tumor | mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue |
Anaphase | the stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle. |
Centromere | the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the kinetochore, during cell division. |
Chromatid | each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA. |
Chromatin | the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA. |
Chromosome | a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. |
Gene | a distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, the order of which determines the order of monomers in a polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule which a cell (or virus) may synthesize. |
Homologous Chromosomes | The cell has two sets of each chromosome; one of the pair is derived from the mother and the other from the father. The maternal and paternal chromosomes in a homologous pair have the same genes at the same loci, but possibly different alleles. |
Metaphase | the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers. |
Prophase | the first stage of cell division, before metaphase, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears. The first prophase of meiosis includes the reduction division. |
Telephase | the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed. |
Asexual Reproduction | a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only. |
crossing-over | the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that results in recombination chromosomes during sexual reproduction. |
Diploid | containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. |
Egg | An organic where an embryo develops, and one in which the female of an animal species lay as a means of reproduction. |
fertilization | the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote. |
Gamete | a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote. |
Gametogenesis | the process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes |
Haploid | having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. |
independent assortment | when two or more characteristics are inherited, individual hereditary factors assort independently during gamete production, giving different traits an equal opportunity of occurring together. |
Meiosis | a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores. |
Sexual Reproduction | the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes). |
Sperm | Sperm is the male reproductive cell and is derived from the Greek word sperma (meaning "seed"). |
Zygote | a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum. |