Term | Definition |
Asexual Reproduction | reproduction by one parent and the offspring is almost identical to parent |
hybrid | an offspring that has one recessive and one dominant allele |
fertilization | process where a male gamete joins a female gamete to produce a new organism |
DNA | the genetic material for all living things |
mitosis | the 2nd stage of cell cycle, nucleus divides and genetic info is shared |
codominant | when two alleles are both expressed |
incomplete dominance | the dominant allele is only partly expressed |
mutation | any change in a genome or chromosome |
allele | one form of a gene for a trait |
sexual reproduction | reproduction where each parent passes on traits to their offspring |
interphase | 1st phase of cell cycle, chromosomes copy one another |
cytokineses | 3rd stage in cell cycle, two new daughter cells are formed |
Gregor Mendel | Father of genetics |
ribosomes | where protein is made in a cell |
dominant | will be expressed when paired with a recessive gene |
recessive | will only be expressed if paired with another recessive gene |
Reasons to study DNA | help solve crime
helps doctors and scientists to treat diseases and illnesses
may help identify and correct diseases before they are expressed |
Punnett Square | a diagram that can help predict the genotype of an offspring |
genotype | the pair of alleles that make the trait (Tt) |
phenotype | the trait that is physically shown (tall) |
meoisis | process that produces gametes (egg/sperm) |
location of DNA | located in the chromosomes inside the nucleus |
DNA | shaped like a double helix (twisted ladder)
unique to each person just like a fingerprint
genetic material of all living things |
replication | process used when cells copy DNA |
benefits of mutations | stronger animals
plants resistent to disease
cows producing more milk
larger fruit/vegetables |
stages of the cell cycle | interphase
mitosis
cytokinesis |