Question | Answer |
The last phase of cellular respiration is the [...] . The [...] cranks out large amounts of ATP—in fact, it produces most of the ATP that a cell needs to drive all of its processes. | The last phase of cellular respiration is the electron transport chain . The electron transport chain cranks out large amounts of ATP—in fact, it produces most of the ATP that a cell needs to drive all of its processes. |
In the electron transport chain, the electron carriers [...] and [...] that were produced in the Krebs cycle are ready to donate their energy to produce ATP. | In the electron transport chain, the electron carriers NADH and FADH2 that were produced in the Krebs cycle are ready to donate their energy to produce ATP. |
The electron transport chain takes place within the [...] of the mitochondria. (this is like the end zone in our football analogy) | The electron transport chain takes place within the inner membrane of the mitochondria. (this is like the end zone in our football analogy) |
Recall that mitochondria have two membranes—an inner membrane and an outer membrane. The folds of the inner membrane, or [...] , create a very large surface area. | Recall that mitochondria have two membranes—an inner membrane and an outer membrane. The folds of the inner membrane, or cristae , create a very large surface area. |
First stage of electron transport chain: The electron carriers NADH and FADH2 interact with proteins embedded in the cristae. This interaction causes the proteins to pump [...] from one side of the membrane to the other. | First stage of electron transport chain: The electron carriers NADH and FADH2 interact with proteins embedded in the cristae. This interaction causes the proteins to pump hydrogen ions from one side of the membrane to the other. |
Because the nucleus of a hydrogen contains a single proton (and possibly one or two neutrons), a hydrogen ion (which has no electrons) is often referred to as simply a '[...]' (even though many hydrogen ions will also have a neutron or two). | Because the nucleus of a hydrogen contains a single proton (and possibly one or two neutrons), a hydrogen ion (which has no electrons) is often referred to as simply a 'proton' (even though many hydrogen ions will also have a neutron or two). |
Hydrogen ions diffuse back into the mitochondrial matrix (center) through a carrier protein that adds a phosphate group to ADP, making [...]. | Hydrogen ions diffuse back into the mitochondrial matrix (center) through a carrier protein that adds a phosphate group to ADP, making ATP. |
Once ATP is created, the waste products of the electron transport chain are the [...] and the [...]. | Once ATP is created, the waste products of the electron transport chain are the hydrogen ions and the electrons. |
The oxygen you breathe into your lungs cleans up the waste products of the electron transport chain by bonding with them to form molecules of [...]. | The oxygen you breathe into your lungs cleans up the waste products of the electron transport chain by bonding with them to form molecules of water. |
When you hear the term cellular respiration, you should immediately think [...] | When you hear the term cellular respiration, you should immediately think oxygen |
[...] and [...] are the electron carriers that start the Electron Transport Chain. | NADH and FADH2 are the electron carriers that start the Electron Transport Chain. |
In our football analogy, Krebs Cycle is our quarterback. He throws electron footballs to our running back (NADH) or tight end (FADH2). They in turn pass the ball to other team members in one of several plays ([...]). | In our football analogy, Krebs Cycle is our quarterback. He throws electron footballs to our running back (NADH) or tight end (FADH2). They in turn pass the ball to other team members in one of several plays (Electron Transport Chain). |