Question | Answer |
Photosynthesis | Light energy is captured and used to synthesize carbohydrates |
Heterotrophs | Must eat food to sustain life |
Autotroph | Make organic molecules from inorganic sources |
Photoautotroph | uses light as a source of energy |
chloroplast | Organelles in plants and algae that carry out photosynthesis |
Chlorophyll | Green pigment used in plants to produce sugars |
Stomata | Holes in a leaf through which carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits |
Thylakoid Membrane | third membrane that contains chlorophyll pigment molecules |
Granum | Stack of thylakoids |
Two Stages of Photosynthesis | Light reactions and Calvin Cycle (light-independent reactions) |
PSII | Chlorophyll P680; excited electrons travel to PSI using water that is oxidized |
PSI | Chlorophyll P700; primary role is NADPH production |
Noncyclic Electron Flow | Electrons produced by the splitting of water molecules travel to PSII, PSI, and NADPH |
Cyclic Electron Flow | Electron cycling releases energy to transport H+ into lumen driving synthesis of ATP |
Photosystem II (PSII) | Light-harvesting complex or antenna complex, and reaction center |
Light-harvesting complex | Directly absorbs photons; energy is transferred via resonance energy transfer |
Reaction Center | P680 (excited state); relatively unstable, transferred to promary electron acceptor, electrons are removed from water to "replenish" P680 |
Z Scheme | Zigzag shape of energy curve that invovles increases and decreases in the energy of an electron as it moves from water to PSII to PSI to NADP+ |
Calvin Cycle | ATP and NADPH are used to make carbs; CO2 is incorporated into the carbs |