| Term | Definition |
| Mold | a distinctive and typical style, form, or character. |
| Cast | fossil formed when an animal, plant, or other organism dies, its flesh decays and bones deteriorate due to chemical reactions |
| Carbon Film | an organism outline of a fossil |
| Trace Fossils | a fossil of a footprint, trail, burrow, or other trace of an animal rather than of the animal itself. |
| Preserved Remains | a prehistoric organism or is slang for someone or something that is old and outdated |
| Catastrophic | very harmful or disastrous |
| Uniformitarianism | the theory that changes in the earth's crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes |
| stratigraphy | the branch of geology concerned with the order and relative position of strata and their relationship to the geological time scale |
| law of superposition | each layer being younger than the one beneath it and older than the one above it |
| Relative Age | a guess on something/someone's age |
| Index Fossil | a fossil species that characterizes and is used to delimit a geological zone |
| Absolute Age | geologic age of a fossil, or a geologic event or structure expressed in units of time, usually years |
| Radiometric Dating | a method of dating geological or archeological specimens by determining the relative proportions of particular radioactive isotopes present in a sample |
| Halflife | the time required for one half the atoms of a given amount of a radioactive substance to disintegrate |
| Energy | Objects can have energy by virtue of their motion |
| Work | using a force to move an object a distance |
| Power | the rate (energy amount per time period) at which work is done or energy converted |
| Renewable Resource | that can or will be replenished naturally in the course of time |
| Nonrenewable Resource | a resource of economic value that cannot be readily replaced by natural means on a level equal to its consumption |
| Fossil Fuels | a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms |
| Combustion Power Plant | Somewhere where they control power |
| Disease | a disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs or symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury |
| Infectious Disease | They're normally harmless or even helpful, but under certain conditions, some organisms may cause disease |
| Noninfectious Disease | a medical condition or disease that is not caused by infectious agents |
| Pathogen | a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease |
| Vector | how fast something is moving and in what direction it is moving |
| Host Cell | an animal or plant on or in which a parasite or commensal organism lives |
| Replication | The process by which genetic material, a single-celled organism, or a virus reproduces or makes a copy of itself |
| Mutation | the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA |
| Antibody | a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen |
| Antiviral Drugs | a class of medication used specifically for treating viral infections |
| Vaccine | a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases |
| Antibiotics | a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms |
| Toxins | an antigenic poison or venom of plant or animal origin, especially one produced by or derived from microorganisms and causing disease when present at low concentration in the body |
| Endospores | a resistant asexual spore that develops inside some bacteria cells |
| Epidemic | a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time |
| Pandemic | prevalent over a whole country or the world |
| Variation | any difference between cells, individual organisms, or groups of organisms of any species caused either by genetic differences |
| Natural Selection | the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring |
| Adaption | The adjustment or changes in behavior, physiology, and structure of an organism to become more suited to an environment |
| Camouflage | hide or disguise the presence |
| Mimicry | the close external resemblance of an animal or plant (or part of one) to another animal, plant, or inanimate object |
| Comparative biology | The comparative approach also has numerous applications in human health |
| Homologous structure | an organ or bone that appears in different animals, underlining anatomical commonalities demonstrating descent from a common ancestor |
| Analogous structure | different species having the same function but have evolved separately, thus do not share common ancestor |
| Vestigial structure | A structure in an organism that has lost all or most of its original function in the course of evolution, such as human appendixes |
| Taxonomy | the branch of science concerned with classification, especially of organisms; systematics |
| linnaean classification | plants and animals have traditionally been classified by the structure of their bodies |
