Question | Answer |
What are three different types of natural selection | Stabilizing, Directional, Disruptive |
Natural selection selects individuals best adapted for ____ and ____ | survival and reproduction |
Natural selection acts on ______ of a population and changes the ________ ( think genetics) | phenotypes ... allelic frequencies ( allele frequencies ---types of genes) |
Type of natural selection when an extreme version of trait makes organisms more fit | directional |
type of natural selection that splits a population into two groups by removing the average variation and keeping extremes | disruptive |
type of natural selection that selects for the average trait and eliminates the extremes | stabilizing |
In birds the average nest size is 4 eggs, rather than 2 or 6 .. this is an example of a natural selection called | stabilizing selection |
In chinook salmon, the larger salmon (who is able to fight off males and breed) and the smaller salmon (who is able to sneak into the egg area to fertilize the eggs) are the most common sizes of this species of salmon.. this is _____ selection | disruptive |
Type of natural selection observed by Rosemary and Peter Grant during drought years and wet years in the Galapagos island finches | Directional |
A famous example of directional natural selection that was associated with the industrial revolution | The Peppered moths of England ... due to pollution associated with the industrial revolution the darker variation was more successful reproducing and passing on the dark trait... |
Outdated species concept associated with Linnaeus ... this species concept was based on physical similarities and doesn't take evolution into account | Typological Species Concept |
this is still used today as a remnant of the typological species concept.. and is the individual that best displayed the characteristics of the species ( much like a representative at a dog show) | type specimen |
What problem occurred when a specimen was found that varied from the type specimen? | they would classify them as a different species... now they are varieties of the same species |
Variations of organisms within the same species can be called ( 4 names) | Variety, subspecies, races, or breeds |
What is the Biological Species Concept that is still used today.. One of the most common ideas about a species | group of organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring in a natural setting |
What are some problems with the biological species concept ( 3) | some organisms classified as separate species can interbreed and produce fertile offspring ( dogs and wolves),... it doesn't work for organisms that use asexual reproduction.... it doesn't work for extinct species ( can't prove they interbred) |
What is phylogeny | evolutionary history of a species |
What is the phylogenetic species concept? | a cluster or organisms ( have variations) that are distinct from other clusters and show evidence of a pattern of ancestry and descent... |
What is occurring when the phylogenetic species shows branching | they have become two different species ( they became isolated and evolved different adaptations ...over time they were different enough to be classified as new species --- can no longer interbreed ... |
What are three advantages to the phylogenetic species concept | it can apply to extinct species
it can apply to species that have asexual reproduction
it uses molecular data ( DNA Analysis etc) |