Term | Definition |
Mitosis | A type of cell division that results in 2 identical daughter cells |
Meiosis | The process by which the nucleus divides in all sexually reproducing organisms |
Daughter Cell | One of the 2 cells formed from a cell that has undergone cell division, genitally identical to parent cell because they contain the same number and type of chromosomes |
Chromatin | Nucleic acids and proteins , which condense to form a chromosome during cell division |
Chromatid | 2 threadlike strands into which chromosomes divide during cell division |
Sister Chromatids | Pieces of identical copies of single replicated chromosome that are connected by a centromere |
Chromosomes | A threadlike structure of nucleic acid and protein found in the nucleus, carries genetic information |
Homolougous Chromosomes | Chromosome pairs, from each parent, similar gene position |
Gene | A unit of heredity passed from parent to child |
Karyotype | The number and visual appearance in the chromosomes in the cell nuclei |
Centrioles | Cylindrical organelles, involved in the developement of fiber spindles |
Centromere | The point at which the two chromatids forming the chromosome are joined together |
Centrosome | an organelle that serves as the main microtubule organizing center of the cell |
Aster | Star shaped structure formed during division of the nucleus in an animal cell |
Spindle Fibers | Form a protein structure that divides the genetic material material in a cell |
Kinetochore Fiber | Microtubules that connect kinetochores to spindle polar fibers |
Nucleolus | The round structure within the nucleus of a cell, and composed of protein and RNA |
Nuclear Envelope | The double layered membrane enclosing the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell |
Interphase | Phase with G1, S, and G2, where cell grows and prepares for cell division |
Prophase | First phase of mitosis, nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle fibers form |
Metaphase | Second phase of mitosis, duplicated chromosomes line up |
Anaphase | Chromosomes move away from each other to opposite poles of the spindle fibers |
Telophase | Final phase in mitosis, the separated chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the dividing cell and the nuclei of the daughter cells form around the two sets of chromosomes |
Cytokinesis | Physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells |