Question | Answer |
Emergent Properties | Traits that a system contains, but individual parts do not |
Reductionism | Breaking a system apart and studying it's individual parts |
Systems Bio | Studying a system by modeling how parts interact |
Transformation of energy: | Always comes in as light and leaves as heat |
Form meets function | Structure and function are closely related |
Cell | Smallest thing that can be called "alive" |
Membrane | Encloses cells |
DNA | Uses this as genetic info, blueprint of life |
Colonies | Groups of cells |
DNA carries: | Carries information that determines on organism |
Regulation of Bio-Systems | Feedback Loops/mechanisms |
Negative feedback | Product up process down;
ATP production;
Super common |
Positive Feedback | Product up process up;
Already making, but needs more;
EX: Blood cotting; |
Industrial Melanism | Phenomenon in which darker individuals predominate over lighter ones |
Taxonomy | Organisms are classified based on similarities |
Nested hierarchy | Grouping of organisms from most generic to most specific |
3 Domains of life | 1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eurkarya |
Eukarya | Domain consisting of protists, fungi, animalia, plantae |
Process of Science (1-4) | 1. Observation leads to question
2. Leads to Hypothesis
3. Leads to experiment
4. Leads to conclusion that supports or denies hypothesis |
Iterative Hypothesis | Hypothesis can be changed and revised throughout the experiment |
How many variables are tested each experiment? | Only 1 variable |
Dependent Variable | What investigator measures in experiments |
Independent Variable | What is changed in the experiment |
Deductive reasoning | Reasoning that uses general principles to make predictions |
Inductive reasoning | Reasoning that uses observations to develop general conclusions |
Matter | Anything that takes space and has mass |
Nucleus Charge | Always positive |
Measurement weight of 1 atom | 1 Dalton |
Atomic Number means # of what in an atom? | Number of Protons in an Atom |
Mass Number means # of what in an atom? | Sum of Protons and Neutrons |
Isotope | Different atomic forms of a single element with varying numbers of Nuetrons |
Radioactive Isotopes | Nucleus decays spontaneously giving off particles and energy |
4 Elements that make 96.3% of Human Weight | Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen |
Strong bonds: | Ionic, Covalent |
Cation: | Positively charged atom |
Anion: | Negatively charged atom |
Non-polar covalent bonds | Equal sharing of electrons |
Polar covalent bonds | Unequal sharing of electrons |
Hydrogen bonds | weak bonds that hold two or more polar covalent compounds together |
Van Der Walls | -Weak forces that hold non-polar covalent compounds
- Result from asymmetric distribution of electrons in their outer shell |