Question | Answer |
Map types – Describe thematic vs. reference map | *Thematic- represents a single distribution or concept
*Reference- Has a variety of phenomenon, used as a reference for location and planning. |
What are the Basic map Elements ? | *Main Map
*Title and subtitle
*Legend
*Scale indicator
* Graticule or north arrow
*Supplementary text/Authorship
*Frame/border |
What are Secondary Map Elements? | *Logos
*Map numbers
*Inset Maps
*Graticules
*Tables/Graphs |
What are the Primary Map design Principles | Purpose, Medium, Audience |
What is the difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Data? | Qualitative- Categorical, no rank or order (Labels)
Quantitative- Numerical, has a rank or interval in which to perform calculations |
What are the Levels of data and definition? | Nominal- No order, unique values
Ordinal- Categorical (High, Medium, Low) but unable to determine by quantity by how much between categories
Interval- Numerical interval, but has no absolute zero
Ratio-Numerical value with an absolute zero |
What is Cartography? | The art, science and technology of making maps, together with the their study as scientific documents and works of art. |
What is GeoVisulization? | Refers to a set of tools and techniques supporting the analysis of geospatial data through the use of interactive visualization |
What is Visual Hierarchy? | Different levels of emphasis of the elements of a graphic design |
What is a Map? | A graphic representation of all or part of the surface of earth (or other body) drawn to scale on a plane. |
What is Symbolization? | Determines how data on the map is read and interpreted. The process of formatting or displaying symbols |
What is choropleth? | Differences in color value (sometimes in combination with hue) or differences in spacing (e.g., the intensity of a hatched pattern) to represent differences in the phenomenon being mapped |
What is data interpolation? | Interpolation is the estimating of values by comparing distances to all other neighboring sample points |
What is biverate mapping? | It is a variation of simple choropleth map that portrays two separate phenomena simultaneously |
What is Leading? | Adjusting the spacing between lines |
What is a leader line? | A line from a point to a label/annotation, adjusted from the point due to space limitations |
What are the different types of symbols and how do you create hierarchy with each? | a. Points
b. Lines
c. Polygons
*Shape, size, hue, value, texture, orientation |
What are the (3) dimensions of color? | Hue, Value/Lightness, Saturation |
What are the (3) types of labeling and there differences? | *Graphic-simple text box, not associate with feature will not scale
*Dynamic- Manage the characteristics for the text of multiple features in a layer. Changes made to entire set
*Annotation-Feature Linked, will move with the feature it is labeling |
What are some reasons to use color within a map? | To differentiate values on a map, color as a clarifying and simplifying element |
Name the 3 color schemes and how are they different from one another? | *Qualitative - Hue steps, not ordered
*Sequential- neutrals, one hue or one hue step, single sequence of lightness steps
*Diverging-Two diverging sequences of lightness steps, two hues, or one hue and neutral or two hue transitions |
What are the ways to classify data as discussed in this course? | *Equal Interval- divide values into constant intervals
*Quantile- Equal number of values in set categories
*Natural Breaks (default)- Divides values based on normalized distribution of data
*Std Dev-Categories divided by how far values from the mean |
What Classification symbolization methods are available? | Dot, Proportional, Graduated |
Name 4 categories of Fonts | *Serif
*San Serif
*Decorative
*Script |
Name ways to adjust font sizes | *Character Spacing
*Character Size
*Line Spacing (Leading) |
What are 3 common effects for font? | Halo, Shadows, Callouts |
How does one create hierarchy with text/labels? | Size, Spacing, Color |
What are standardized label placement for points, lines and areas? | *Point-Next to, horizontally aligned, shifted up or down
*Lines-should follow the line, not upside down, above, avoid stretching out by repeating
*Area-Use character spacing (best uppercase) |
What types of text are found on a map? | Title, Legends, Source and Explanatory text |
What is the Process steps for making a Map? | Planning, Analysis, Presentation, Critique(review), Production |