Question | Answer |
most cells are smaller than | 0.1mm |
cells are small because nutrients pass through the _?_ to enter the cell | plasma membrane |
cells are small because nutrients pass through the plasma membrane to _?_ the cell | enter |
cells are small because wastes pass through the plasma membrane to _?_ the cell | exit |
a cell needs enough _?_ to exchange materials with its environment | surface area |
the amount of surface area (plasma membrane) affects the ability to | get materials in and out of a cell |
what happens when cells increase in size | the amount of surface area relative to volume decreases |
what happens if cells become to large | the surface area would be insufficient to service the increasing volume |
two main types of cells | prokaryotic / eukaryotic |
eukaryotic cell structures are surrounded by a semifluid medium inside the cell called | cytoplasm |
what is a nucleus | determines the cells characteristics by coding for the protiens, stores the dna |
what is a nucleoplasm | semifluid medium inside the nucleus |
what is a nucleolus | produces ribosomes |
what is a nuclear envelope | double membrane that has pores through which materials may pass |
what are ribosomes | directly synthesize protiens |
where are the ribosomes located | may be free cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum |
what is a endomembrane system | series of intracellular membranes that compartmentalize the cell |
what is a endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | consist of membranous channels and sacs |
what is a rough endoplasmic reticulum | site for protein synthesis, has ribosomes |
what is a smooth endoplasmic reticulum | lipid synthesis, detoxification and a transport to the Golgi |
what does a golgi apparatus do | (UPS) collects, sorts, packages, and distributes materials |
what does a lysosomes do | (garbage system) vessel that contains digestive enzymes that break down materials for the cell |
what does a vacuoles do | membranes sac that store substances/ water, pigment, toxins |
what does a peroxisomes do | vessels that carry out various metabolic functions by oxidizing organic compounds |
choloroplasts are found where | plants and algae |
cholorplasts contain their own | dna, ribosomes, enzymes (C) |
choloroplasts: photosynthesis | solar energy is converted into chemical energy within carbohydrates |
mitochondria is found where | all eukaryotic cells |
mitochondria contain their own | dna,ribosomes,enzymes (M) |
choloroplasts is the site of | photosynthesis |
mitochondria is the site of | cellular respiration |
mitochondria: cellular respiration | breakdown of food for energy |
cytoskeleton are | network of connected filaments and tubules that extend from the nucleus to the plasma membrane |
cytoskeleton maintains what | cell shape |
cytoskeleton assists what | movement of cell and organelles |
cytoskeleton assembles what | and disassembles as needed |
cytoskeleton has three types of macromolecular fibers | actin filaments, intermediate filaments, microtubles |
actin filament, intermediate filament and microtubles are three types of what cytoskeleton | macromolecular fibers |
centrosomes and centrioles do what | help organize part of the cytoskeleton (assemble/disassemble) |
plant cells or animals cells have centrioles | animals cells |
cilia and flagella are what | hairlike projections that aid in cell movement |
what does cilia do in the body | help material move through tubes |
in eukaryotic cells, cilia are much _?_ than flagella | shorter |