Term | Definition |
Spinal nerves | 31 pairs of nerves connected to spinal cord |
Amyloid | Starch like substance the accumulates in the Alzhiemers brain |
Myelin | White fatty material that covers some axons and speeds elextricate conduction |
Neuron | Nerve cell that allows communication between body parts |
Hydrocephalus | Excess CSF in the brain |
Multiple sclerosis | Loss of myelin, sclerosis of central nervous tissue |
Parkinsinism | Neurons don't secrete dopamine. Characterized by tremors, muscle rigitidy, akinesia, and emotional problems |
Axon | Carries impulses away from the cell body |
Dendrite | Carries impulses toward the cell body |
Brain stem | Connects the brain and spinal cord; consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata |
Diencephalon | Contains thalamus, hypothalamus and the pituitary gland |
Ganglion | Collection of cell bodies along a nerve pathway |
Cerebellum | In charge of voluntary muscle movements, posture, coordination, and balance |
Cerebrospinal fluid | Csf; made in ventricles of the brain, circulates around the brain protecting and cushioning |
Reflex | Simple autonomic response that requires few neurons |
Arachnoid mater | Middle web like layer of the meninges |
Pia mater | Thin vascular inner layer of the meninges attached to the brain and spinal cord |
Dura mater | Thick tough outer layer of the meninges |
Cortic/o | Cerebral cortex, outer portion |
Autonomic nervous system | Controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. Responsible for automatic responses and responses to stress. Sympathetic and parasympathetic |
Neuroglia | Supports and protects nervous tissue |
Traumatic brain injury | Cuncussion that damages the brain |
Somatic nervous system | Controls skeletal muscles |
Peripheral nervous system | Consists of nervous tissue outside the brain and the spinal cord. 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal/peripheral nerves |
Cerebrum | Responsible for memory, reasoning, and abstract thinking |
Myelinated tissue | White matter of the nervous system |
Nerve | Bundles of neurons |
Cerebral cortex | |
Neurotransmitter | Chemical that transmits energy through a synapse |
Unmyelinated tissue | Gray matter of nervous tissue |
Anuerism | Weakening or dilation of a vessel in the brain. Effects of burst: paralysis, hemiplegia, hemiparesis, aphasia |
Synapse | Point of contact between neurons |
Radicul/o | Spinal nerve root |
Gli/o | Neuroglia |
Neur/o | Nervous system, nervous tissue, nerve |
Mening/o | Meninges |
Spinal reflex | Impulses do not go to the brain |
Cerebrovascular accident | Brain is deprived of oxygen due to occlusion in the vessels |
Cerebroangiography | Radiographic image of brain |
Signs of stroke | F-face drooping
A-arms droopy/weakness
S-speech slurred or confused
T-time to call 911 |
Glioma | Tumors of nonconducting support cell |
Lepsy | Seizure |
Motor (efferent) neuron | Carries impulses away from the CNS |
Sensory (afferent) neuron | Carries impulses toward CNS |
Dopamine | Responsible for mood and thought disorders, involuntary movement |
Parasympathetic | Returns body to normal, calms down after stress |
Sympathetic | Fight or flight; raises HR and respiration, stops digestion |
Astrocytoma | Tumor composed of astrocytes |
Central nervous system | Brain and spinal cord |
Epilepsy | Abnormal electrical activity in the brain |
Gyri | Raised areas of the brain |
Sulci | Grooves in the cerebral cortex |
Serotonin | Plays roles in sleep, hunger, and pleasure recognition |
Endorphin | Body's natural high, relieves pain |