Question | Answer |
What is the cell cycle? | The main series of events that takes place that results in DNA replication. |
What are the two main stages of the cell cycle. Describe each! | 1. Interphase - cell grows + replicates DNA
2. Mitotic phase - cell divides + transfers DNA to daughter cell |
Interphase is split into 3 parts name each and describe what happens during each phase. | |
| 1. G1- duplicates organelles and centrosomes
2. S Phase - DNA replication
3. G2- finish duplication |
The mitotic phase is split into 5 phases list the 5 phases. | 1.prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telephase
5. Cytokenesis |
Describe prophase | Chromatin turns into chromosomes.
Nuclear membrane disappears.
Centrioles desperate and spindle fibers are formed. |
Describe metaphase. | Chromosomes line up at the middle
Chromosomes are attached to spindle fibers. |
Describe anaphase. | The sister chromatids(chromosome= 2 sister chromatids) are pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
Each separated part is now called a daughter chromosome. |
Describe telephase. | Nuclear membrane reforms around daughter chromosomes.
Daughter chromosomes uncoil to reform chromatin.
The cell begins to divide. |
Describe cytokinesis. | The cell finally divides into two separate cells. |
What information does a chromatid contain? | DNA
Chromosomes |
How many chromatids are found in a single chromosome? | 2 sister chromatids |
What part of the cell allows the cell to maintain homeostasis? | The cell membrane. |
Which type of transport requires energy? | Active transport |
Which type of cell transport doesn't require energy? | Passive |
What does it mean to move down a concentration gradient? | Moving a molecule from high to low concentration. (Diffusion) |
What is osmosis? | Diffusion of water due to differences in concentration. **Ratio of particles:water is made equal** |
Explain the direction of water flow if a red blood cell were placed in the following solution: HYPERtonic solution | Concentrated-Liquid goes out of the cell because the solution is a higher concentration outside the cell. |
Explain the direction of water flow if a red blood cell were placed in the following solution: HYPOtonic solution | The cell soaks up the liquid solution because it's a lower concentration outside the cell. |
Explain the direction of water flow if a red blood cell were placed in the following solution: Isotonic solution | Concentration is = inside + outside of the cell. |
Which solution is best for the cell? | Isotonic solution |
Which solution results in water LEAVING the cell? | Hypertonic |
Which solution results in water ENTERING the cell? | HYPOtonic |
What are the two requires for active transport? | Proteins
Energy |
What are the two types of vesicle transport? | Exocytosis- exits cell
Endocytosis- enters cell |
Which type of cessicle transport is used for molecules exiting the cell? | Exocytosis |
What is one example of active transport? | Electron transport chain |
What are the two types of endocytosis? | Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis |
During active transport, molecules move _______ the concentration gradient twoard the are of ____ concentration. This is the ______ of diffusion. | Against, high, opposite |
Can molecules positively or negatively charged freely pass through the cell? | NO!!!! |
Cenrisome = ______ | Centriole |