Question | Answer |
Worked with garden peas to determine basic ideas of trait inheritance | Gregor Mendel |
passage of traits to next generation | inheritance or heredity |
organisms that consistently produce offspring with only one form of a trait | true-breeding or pure-breeding |
science of heredity or inheritance | genetics |
father of genetics | Gregor Mendel |
shorthand for the parent generation | P generation |
offspring of the P generation or parent generation | F generations ( F1,F2 etc) F= filial |
Explain what happened in Mendel's cross between a true-breeding yellow and green pea plant... | The F1 were all yellow ( more questions).. what happened to the green trait? more experiments ..He let F1 self pollinate and self fertilize to get the F2. The green reappeared 3 yellow to 1 green |
Number of factors for each trait ( and why) | 2 factors for each trait ( one from each parent)... The yellow peas could have two yellow or a yellow and green factor... the green peas have two green factors |
Newer term for Mendel's factors | genes and alleles |
different forms of the same gene (alternative form of single gene) for example in pea plants for color there is a yellow form or green form | alleles |
the form of gene (allele) that appeared in the F1 generation of Mendel's peas cross . It covered up the other form when there was one of each (Yy) | dominant |
the form of gene( allele) that was masked or covered up in the F1 generation of Mendel's pea cross. This will only appear when there are two of these present in the organism | recessive |
the only way for the recessive trait to show in the organism | have two recessive genes |
the two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis and then during fertilization the two alleles for the trait unite | Mendel's law of segregation |
there are two forms of alleles for a trait. One form will hide or mask the other form if they are together. The masked or hidden form can only appear when two are present. (note: this is not always true).. One of Mendel's major ideas | Law of Dominance ( and recessiveness) |
What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis | It is divided in half |
what process restores the chromosome number to make it the same for each generation of the species ( this process helps humans maintain a chromosome number of 46) | fertilization |