Question | Answer |
What regulates the functions of the body | Nervous and endocrine systems act together to coordinate functions of all body systems |
Nervous system | biological communication system |
Endocrine system | uses biochemical called hormones that travel in body fluids and act as chemical messengers to target cell |
Exocrine glands | secrete products through ducts that lead to the lumen of an organ, body surface or cavity ie. sweat glands |
Endocrine glands | have no ducts; secretes hormones into extracellular fluids and diffuse into the bloodstream |
Hormone | mediator molecule that is released in one part of the body but regulates the activity of cells in other parts |
Hormone is? | A chemical messenger to a specific target cell |
What do hormones regulate? | Metabolism; h2o and electrolyte balance; growth and development; reproduction |
Circulating hormones | most endocrine hormones are circulating hormones |
How many types of local hormones? | Paracrine and Autocrines; do not circulate |
Lipid-soluble hormones | Steroid; Thyroid; nitric oxide |
Water-Soluble | Amine; Peptide; protein; Eicosanoid hormones |
What is te mechanism of action? | diffuse into cell from blood |
What are the characteristics of water-soluble hormones? | Binds to receptor on exterior surface; |
5 different mechanisms of hormone control? | Signals from nervous system; Chemical changes in blood; Other changes; Negative feedback; Positive feedback |
3 effects of hormone Interaction? | Permissive; Synergistic; Antagonistic |
Functions of the endocrine system | control internal environment; respond to marked changes; growth and development; reproduction process; regulate metabolism |
Where is the pituitary gland located | Sella Turcica in the base of the brain |
What hormones does the Anterior pituitary gland secrete? | GH-Growth Hormone; PRL-Prolactin; THS-Thyroid stimulating hormone; ACTH-Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; LH-Leuetinizing Hormone; FSH-Folicle stimulating hormone |
What hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary gland? | ADH-Antidiuretic hormone; OT-Oxytocin |
What 3 hormones are secreted by the Thyroid gland? | Thyroxine (T4, T3) and Calcitonin
Basal metabolic rate; reduce blood calcium levels |
What hormone does the parathyroid gland secrete? | PTH-Parathyroid Hormone...increases blood calcium levels |
the 2 layers of the adrenal glands? | Medulla-center; Cortex- outer |
The cortex has 3 zones | Adrenal androgens; Glucocorticoids (cortisol); Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone) |
What 2 hormones does the Medulla secrete? | Epinephrine; Norepinephrine 80% epinephrine |
The pancreas secretes what 2 hormones? | Glucagon and Insulin |
What hormone does the pineal gland secrete? | Melatonin |
What does the thymus gland secrete? | Thymosin....help develop T-Helper cells for immunity |
What does the kidneys secrete? | |