Term | Definition |
fibroma | most common tumor-like lesion of the oral cavity; really a reactive hyperplasia of CT, not a true neoplasm |
giant cell fibroma | fibrous CT nodule with large stellate fibroblasts; occurs in first 3 decades of life |
retrocuspid papilla | small, raised lesion on attached gingiva lingual to the lower canines; usually disappear with age |
epulis fissuratum | tumor-like proliferation of fibrous CT that develops in association with ill-fitting denture |
fibroepithelial polyp (leaflike denture fibroma) | flattened pink mass on hard palate attached by narrow stalk |
inflammatory papillary hyperplasia | reactive tissue growth on hard palate beneath maxillary denture |
fibromatoses | group of true fibrous neoplasm with biologic behavior between benign and malignant
-can reach considerable size so pt should be evaluated for Gardner's |
juvenile aggressive fibromatosis | fibromatoses on head and neck tissues |
desmoplastic fibromas | fibromatoses in head and neck within the bone; true neoplasm of myofibroblasts |
myofibroma | less infiltrative tumor of myofibroblasts |
fibrous histiocytoma/dermatofibroma, solitary fibrous tumor, and oral focal mucinosis | less aggressive fibrous tumors, sessile painless growths that do not tend to recur |
pyogenic granuloma | common reactive tumor-like proliferation of granulation tissue in response to irritation; red/purple painless and pedunculate mass with ulcerative surface, often on gingiva and can evolve into inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia |
pregnancy tumors / granuloma gravidarum | gingival pyogenic granulomas that occur during pregnancy |
epulis granulomatosa | hyperplastic granulation tissue growing out of a healing tooth socket |
peripheral giant cell granuloma | tumor-like proliferation of osteoclastic giant cells in response to irritation; reddish-blue to purple sessile or pedunculate mass on gingiva or edentulous ridge |
peripheral ossifying fibroma | reactive lesion from PDL of fibrous CT, osteoblasts and mineralized tissue; red or pink nodules on gingiva or alveolar ridge |
lipoma | benign tumor of adipose tissue commonly in subcutaneous buccal mucosa; yellow color if superficial |
fibrolipoma | lipoma with significant amount of fibrous CT |
angiolipoma | lipoma with numerous small blood vessels |
spindle cell lipomas | lipoma with myxoid storm and increased cellularity |
traumatic neuroma | not true neoplasm, reactive proliferation of nerve tissue after it has been severed/damaged |
schwannoma | benign encapsulated neural tumor from Schwann cells that contains Verocay bodies, 45% in the head and neck |
neurofibromatosis 2 | disease with bilateral schwannomas of auditory-vestibular nerve (acoustic neuroma) and cafe-au-lait pigmentations
-{gene on chromosome 22} |
schwannomatosis | hereditary disease of multifocal schwannomas |
Verocay bodies | seen in Antoni A tissue; Schwann cells arranged in palisading fashion around central acellular zones |
neurofibroma | most common peripheral nerve tumor that arises from Schwann cells, fibroblasts and neurites |
neurofibromatosis 1 | autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations of {NF1 gene on chromosome 17} that affects the tumor suppressor protein {neurofibromin}; variable expressivity of neurofibromas and enlargement of fungiform papilla seen in mouth |
elephantiasis neuromatosa | large pendulous masses of neurofibromas on the skin |
cafe-au-lait spots | smooth-edged tan/brown pigmentations on skin; associated with {neurofibromatosis 1} |
Lisch nodules | brown spots on the iris of the eye, associated with {neurofibromatosis 1) |
Crowe sign | freckling of the axilla, seen with {neurofibromatosis 1} |
multiple endocrine neoplasia | rare group of neuroendocrine tumors |
MEN type 2B | arises from mutation of {RET oncogene} on chromosome 10, oral neuromas are an early sign; marfanoid habitus, pheochromocytomas and medullary carcinoma |
melanocytes neuroectodermal tumor of infancy | rare pigmented tumor from neural crest cells; pathoses arise in anterior maxilla as black/blue mass |
granular cell tumor | benign soft tissue tumor of unknown origin, pink to yellow mass on dorsum of tongue |
congenital epulis | rare soft tissue tumor on alveolar ridge of newborns likely from fibroblasts; 90% in females and the maxilla |
hemangiomas | proliferation of endothelial cells and vascular lumina; most common tumor of infancy, resolves spontaneously |
capillary hemangioma | hemangioma of small capillaries |
cavernous hemangioma | hemangioma of dilated vascular spaces |
vascular malformations | overgrowths of blood vessels without endothelial proliferations; persist through life |
venous malformations | low-flow vascular malformations |
arteriovenous malformations | high-flow vascular malformations |
port wine stain (nevus flammeus) | superficial capillary angiomas of the face, follow trigeminal nerve; associated with {Sturge-Weber angiomatosis} |
Sturge-Weber angiomatosis | non-hereditary developmental condition of multiple angiomas of the brain and face |
gyriform/tramline calcification | leptomeningeal angiomas that calcify and show up on skull films as loops |
nasopharyngeal angiofibroma | tumor of vascular and fibrous CT, almost exclusively in males; destructive growth in nasopharynx |
lymphangioma | benign, hamartomatous growth of lymphatic vessels; probably a developmental abnormality |
cystic hygroma | lymphangioma with large cystic spaces |
leiomyoma | benign tumor of smooth muscles; often in uterus and GIT |
vascular leiomyoma (angiomyoma, angioleiomyoma) | leiomyomas with thick-walled blood vessels and bluish hue |
fibrosarcoma | malignant tumor of fibrous CT, usually low-grade |
liposarcoma | malignant tumor of adipose tissue |
neurofibrosarcoma | malignancy of peripheral nerves, very aggressive with early metasasis |
angiosarcoma | malignant vascular tumor from endothelial cells lining blood vessels |
leiomyosarcoma | malignant tumor of smooth muscle, aggressive with early metastasis |
Kaposi sarcoma | arises from vascular endothelium and in multiple sites as once; triggered by HHV-8 |
rhabdomyosarcoma | malignant tumor of skeletal muscle, most common in children |