Term | Definition |
binary fission | a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size |
mitosis | in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
asexual reproduction | reproduction that does no involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
meiosis | a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which result in the production of sex cells |
gamete | a haploid reproductive cell that unites with another haploid reproductive cell to form a zygote |
interphase | a period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA, and synthesizes protein |
cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasma of a cell; follows the division of the cell's nucleus by mitosis or meiosis |
prophase | the first stage of mitosis and meiosis in cell division; characterized by the condensation of chromosomes and the dissolution of the nuclear envelope |
spindle fiber | one of the microtubules that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; assists in the movement of chromosomes |
metaphase | one of the stages of mitosis and meiosis, during which all of the chromosomes move to the cell's equator |
anaphase | a phase of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes separate |
telophase | the final stage of mitosis and meiosis, during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes |
cell plate | the precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides a cell into two |