Question | Answer |
rock cycle | series of processes in which rock forms, changes form one type to another, destroyed and forms again by geological process |
rock | naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter |
erosion | process by which wind, water,ice or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another |
deposition | process which matter is laid down |
composition | the chemical makeup of rock |
texture | quality of rock that is based on the sizes,shapes, and positions of the rock grains |
uplift | the rising of regions of the Earth's crust to higher elevations |
intrusive igneous rock | rock formed by cooling and solidification of magma beneath the Earth |
extrusive igneous rock | rock forms as a result of volcanic activity at or near Earth's surface |
magma | semi-hot liquid in the Earth's crust |
sills | sheet like intrusions that are oriented parallel to previous rock unit |
plutons | large irregular-shaped intrusive bodies |
batholiths | the largest of all igneous intrusions |
mafic rock | dark colored rocks that are rich in calcium,iron,and magnesium have very little silicon |
dikes | sheetlike that cut across previous rock units |
lava flow | when lava erupts from volcano |
starta | layers of rock |
starttification | process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers |
ripple marks | wind and water waves on lakes, oceans, rivers and sand dunes |
fossiliferous limestone | cemented animal remains |
organic sedimentary rocks | either form when dissolved materials precipitate from solution or form from accumulation of plant or animal debris |
mud cracks | fine-grained sediments st the bottom od the shallow |
foliated | texture of metamorphic rocks in which mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands |
nonfoliated | texture of metamorphic rocks in which mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands |
regional metamorphism | pressure builds up in rock that is buried deep below the other rock formations or when large pieces of the Earth's crust collide with each other |
contact metamorphism | heat of rock gradually decreases as the rock's distance form the magma increases and temperature decreases |
metamorphism | heated by nearby magma |
index minerals | only some minerals form at certain pressure and temperature |
recrystallization | during metamorphism mineral may change in size and composition |
deformation | change in shape of a rock caused by a forced placed on it |