Question | Answer |
electricity begins at the______ level where protons and electrons have electric charge. | atomic |
___________ carry a positive charge. | protons |
Electrons carry a what charge? | negative |
what forms when atoms lose or gain electrons and become positively or negatively charged? | ions |
what kind of charge is the build up of electric charge on an object? | static charge |
a flow of charge can be caused by ions moving in a what? | solution |
all objects exert an what on each other; it can be attracted or repulsive? | electric force |
like charges repel and unlike charges do what? | attract |
electric charges exert a force on each other at a distance through an ___ which exists around every electric charge. | electric field |
what is a material which does not allow electrons to move? | insulators |
what is a material that all electrons to move easily threw it? | conductor |
what is a rapid movement of excess charge from one place to another? | electric discharge |
what provides a pathway to drain excess charge into the earth; lightning rods help ground buildings? | groundings |
what flow of charge through a conductor? | electric current |
what flowing charge goes threw a solid? what flows threw a liquid? | electrons, positive or negatively charged ions |
what closed conducting loop through which electric currents continuously flow? | a circuit |
current what can do work in an elecric device; it carries electrical energy through wire? | flow |
what measures how much electric energy a battery can provide? | voltage |
electrons move in a circuit and have millions and millions of what? | collisions |
the voltage in a battery depends on the amount and type of what used to create the chemical reaction in a battery? | chemicals |
batteries what when the original chemicals are used up and the chemical reactions in a batery stop? | die |
What is the measure of how difficult it is for electrons to flow through a material? | resistance |
insulators generally have much what resistance then conductors? | higher resistance |
when the amount of electric energy that is converted into thermal energy what as the resistance wire increases? | increases |
the length and what of a wire affect electron flow? | diameter |
the amount of current is determined by the what, and supplied by a battery and the resistance of the conductor? | voltage |
as the resistance in an electric current increases, the current in a circuit does what? | decreases |
what law equals this current=voltage/resistance? | ohm's law |
when the voltage in a circuit increases, the current does what? | increases |
there are how many kinds of basic circuits? | 2 |
what are the two kinds of circuits? | series and parallel |
what is a series circuit? | it has only one path for the electric current to flow. |
what is a parallel circuit? | it has more than one path for electric currents to flow |
for safety, circuits in homes and buildings have what? | fuses |
or what else do buildings and homes have? | circuit breakers |
a rate at which an appliance converts electrical energy to another form of energy is called what? | electric power |
What are watt? | The unit of power |
Electronic companies charge customers for the number of _________________ they use each month? | kilowatt-hours |
Electricity can be ____________? | dangerous |
Current can enter your body and shock you when your body accidentally becomes part of _________________? | electric circuit |
Lightning can deadly; if caught outdoors near lightning use a ________________ squat on the balls of your feet with hands on knees | lightning-safety |
Atoms are made up of ______________ charged protons. | positively |
Atoms are made up of ______________ charged electrons. | negatively |
What type of charge do neutrons have? | they are neutral (they have no charge) |
What happens when salt (NaCl)dissolves in water? | The sodium ions and chloride ions break apart. |
When sodium ions and chloride ions break apart, what happens? | The ions are now able to carry electric energy |
What do positive charge and a negatively charge do? | They attract each other. |
What do two positively charged particles do? | They repeal (run from) each other? |
What do two negativity charged particles do? | They repeal (run from) each other? |
Electric charges move easily through conductors then________? | insulators |
When a spark jumps between your fingers and a metal doorknob starts where? | your feet |
What does a lightning rod do for a building? | protects it from getting damaged |
What is need to electrons to flow for a battery to work? | The electrons must flow, through a closed circuit, from the negative battery terminal to the positive battery terminal. |
what happens when an alkaline battery is connected to an electrical circuit? | Chemical reactions occur in the moist paste of this alkaline battery that the move electrons from the positive terminal to the negative terminal. |
What happens as electrons flow through a wire? | They travel in a zigzag path as they collide with atoms and other electrons. |
What happens when electrons collide as they travel through a wire? | They lose some of their some electronic energy. |
When water and electrons, what influences the resistance? | The diameter and the length of the conductor. |
What two types of hoses increase resistance? | long or narrow. |
What happens when you hold a bucket of water higher? | It will increase potential energy of the water in the bucket. |
How does holding a bucket of water increase potential energy? | It causes the water to flow out of the hose faster |
What is a series circuit? | A series circuit has only one path for electric current to flow |
What is a parallel circuit? | A parallel circuit has more then one path for electronic current to flow |
What does a fuse do? | A fuse contains a piece of wire that melts and breaks when the current through the fuse becomes too large. |
What do electronic meters do? | They ensure the amount of electric energy used in kilowatt-hours. |
V = | R × I |
I = | V / R |
R = | V / I |
voltage | symbol = V; also called volt
Sign V |
current | symbol = I; also called ampere (amp)
Sign A |
resistance | symbol = R; also called ohm
Sign Ω |
power | symbol = P also called watt
Sign W |