| Question | Answer |
| Calcium Normal | 8.5-10.5 |
| Hypocalcemia | less than 8.5 |
| Hypercalcemia | greater than 10.5 |
| Chvostek's Sign | contraction of facial muscles in response to a light tap over the facial nerve in front of the ear; hypocalcemia |
| Trousseau's Sign | carpal spasm induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff above the systolic pressure for a few minutes; hypocalcemia |
| Normal Phosphorus | 2.5-4.5 |
| Hypophosphatemia | less than 2.5 |
| Hyperphosphatemia | greater than 4.5 |
| Normal Potassium | 3.5-5.0 |
| Hypokalemia | less than 3.5 |
| Hyperkalemia | greater than 5.0 |
| Normal Magnesium | 1.3-2.3 |
| Hypomagnesemia | less than 1.3 |
| Hypermagnesemia | greater than 2.3 |
| Calcium Gluconate is the antidote | for Magnesium |
| Normal Sodium | 135-145 |
| Hyponatremia | less than 135 |
| Hypernatremia | greater than 145 |
| Cheese, collard greens, mild, sardines, spinach, yogurt | Ca+ food sources |
| Fish, Pumpkin, Squash, Nuts, Dairy, Dried Fruit and veggies, Sardines, Sweet bread | P food sources |
| Low serum P is accompanied by | increase in serum Ca+ |
| avocado, bananas, oranges, potatoes, raisins, strawberries, whole grains, milk, meat | K+ food sources |
| Never give this IV push (FATAL) | Potassium |
| What function should you check when administering Potassium? | Kidney function |
| Avocado
Canned white tuna
Potatoes
Raisins
Green Leafy Veggies
Nuts, seeds, legumes
Whole Grains
Seafood
Cocoa | Mg+ food sources |
| Bacon
Butter
Processed food
Table salt
Cheese | Na+ food sources |
| What response normally keeps us from gettinger hypernatremic? | Thirst response |
| Who is at high risk for hypernatremia? | risk=older adults, coma, tube feedings, fever, accidental salt ingestion (near drowning), hypertonic IV fluids |
| How do you prevent electrolyte overload? | Assess lab values
Verify solution
Calculate and monitor flow rate |
| Don't give this to patients with acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease | LR |
