| Question | Answer |
| Learning that has been persisted over time, stored, and can be retrieved later | Memory |
| Focuses on conscious, active processing lasting 20-30 seconds max with a 7 +/- 2 capacity | Working/Short Term Memory |
| Giving information meaning and moving it into the brain | Encoding |
| Doing multiple activities at once | Parallel processing |
| Memory for auditory stimuli | Echoic Memory |
| Memory for photographs / visual stimuli | Iconic Memory |
| Immediate, very brief recording of sensory information into the memory process | Sensory Memory |
| Capacity and duration of sensory memory | Unlimited /
3 seconds maximum |
| Process of bringing back info out of memory stages | Retrieval |
| Retaining information | Storage |
| Idea the memories emerge from interconnected neural networks and activation patterns | Connectionism |
| Developed theory for how we memorize and the Stage Model of Memory | R. Atkinson and R. Shiffrin |
| What are the stages of the information processing system | Encoding, storage, and retrieval |
| Focuses on the amount of times something has happened
(Type of automatic processing) | Frequency |
| Focuses on location
(Type of automatic processing) | Space |
| Processing knowledge
(Type of automatic processing) | Well Learned Info |
| Focuses on the sequence of events
(Type of automatic processing) | Time |
| Permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
(Knowledge, Skills, and Experiences) | Long Term Memory |
| Capacity and Duration of Long Term Memory | Unlimited / Limitless |
| Developed Magic 7 +/- 2 rule for Working/ Short Term Memory | George Miller |
| Developed ideas for Sensory Memory | George Sperling |
| What things are necessary for moving sensory memory into working or short memory | Motivation and Attention |
| Repeating or creating a mental map in order to memorize something (phonological loop) | Maintenance Rehearsal |
| Developed the idea of the phonological loop | Alan Baddeley |
| Parts of the brain responsible for explicit memories | Hippocampus and Temporal Lobes |
| Part of the brain responsible for motor or procedural skills
(Breathing, blinking, walking) | Basil Ganglia |
| Parts of the brain responsible for automatic processes | Cerebellum |
| Memories of Life events | Episodic |
| Part of the brain responsible for emotions and emotional conditioning | Amygdala |
| Memories that require effort full processes
(Conscious) | Explicit |
| Memories of automatic processes
(Unconscious) | Implicit |
| Encoding of meaning | Semantic |
| Tendency to recall the first and last items on a list | Serial Position Effect |
| Developed the Forgetting Curve | Hermann Ebbinghaus |
| Idea that testing improves learning | Testing Effect |
| Developed the Testing Effect | Henry Roediger and Jeffrey Karpicke |
| Recalling the first items on a list | Primacy Effect |
| Recalling the last items on a list | Recency Effect |
| Mental pictures that aid Memory process | Imagery |
| Organizing items into familiar, manageable units
(Automatically) | Chunking |
| Discovered that behavioral memory was stored in the cerebellum | Richard Thompson |
| Developed the idea that memories can be localized and distributed depending on complexity | Karl Lashley |
| Did study in Aplysia to study synaptic changes | Eric Kandel |
| An increase in synapses firing potential after stimulation. Nueral basis for learning and memory. | Long Term Potentiation |
| An unconscious association of things which predisposes a persons perception, memory, or response.
(Cow. Milk) | Priming |
| Developed priming | William James |
| Recalling experiences that are consistent with a mood felt during that experience | Mood Congruency |
| Knowing something from one state to another
(Drunk to sober) | State dependent memory |
| Inaccessibility of stored information | Blocking |
| Storage decaying over time | Transience |
| Inattention to detail | Absent minded |
| Confusing information source | Misattribution |
| Inability to form new memories after and accident | Anterograde |
| Inability to remember events before an accident | Retrograde |
| Inability to remember early childhood | Infantile |
| Amnesia caused by sever alcohol abuse | Korsakoffs Psychosis |
| Amnesia triggered by severe trauma | Hysterical |
| Amnesia caused by severe non penetrative blow to the head
(May lead to loss of consciousness/coma) | Traumatic |
| Mental activities associated with thinking,knowing,remembering, and communicating | Cognition |
| Mental grouping of similar objects,events, ideas, or people | Concepts |
| Mental image/example that incorporates all the features we associate a category | Prototype |
| Our spoken,written, or signed words and the way we combine them to communicate | Language |
| Smallest distinctive sound unit | Phoneme |
| Smallest unit that carries meaning | Morphemes |
| System of rules which enable us to understand others | Grammar |
| Rules of sentence order | Syntax |
| Effortless/immediate automatic feeling or thoughts
"Gut Feeling" | Intuition |
| Step by step procedure to get a solution | Aligorithm |
