Term | Definition |
XYLEM | Plant tissue that transports water absorbed in roots throughout the plant. |
SHOOT | Flower, stem, and leaf portion of a plant. |
THIGMOTROPISM | Plant’s ability to move when it comes in contact with another object |
GRAVITROPISM | Oriented plant growth with respect to the force of gravity |
OSMOSIS | The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane |
STOMATA | The tiny pores in the epidermis of a leaf used for gas exchange. |
HOMEOSTASIS | The process of maintaining a constant state of balance |
DIFFUSION | The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
that does not require energy |
PHLOEM | Plant tissue that transports glucose produced by the leaves throughout the plant |
ROOTS | The parts of the plant that grow downward into the soil, anchoring the plant and absorbing
nutriment and moisture. |
PHOTOTROPISM | Plant’s ability to move toward the sunlight. |
FATTY ACIDS | The building blocks of fats are called |
POLYMER | a large molecule formed by the bonding of smaller units. |
POLYSACCHARIDE | a carbohydrate that can be decomposed by hydrolysis into two or more molecules of monosaccharides. |
ENZYMES. | Proteins that can change the rates of specific reactions |
PROTEIN. | A biomolecule composed of amino acids connected by peptide bonds |
LIPID | a hydrophobic biomolecule that is composed of glycerol and fatty acids. |
PROKARYOTE. | An organism that lacks a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
EUKARYOTE | an organism that contains a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. |
CELL MEMBRANE | The cell part surrounding the cytoplasm and acts as a barrier between the inside and the
outside, and regulates what enters and leaves the cell in order to
maintain homeostasis. |
CHLOROPLAST | the organelle where sugars are produced
during photosynthesis. |
LYSOSOMES | the organelle involved in the breakdown of foreign material and debris using digestive enzymes. |
ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX | the substrate bonds with the enzyme active site and forms a structure together |
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA) | a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms |
PHOTOSYNTHESIS | chemical process used in plants to convert energy in the form of sunlight into chemical energy in the form of sugars or other carbohydrates. |
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM | the system is involved in the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment. |
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM | organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body. |
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM | organ system that protects the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or abrasion from outside. |
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM | sex organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of sexual reproduction |
Nucleotides | What is the subunit of DNA of all organisms |
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine | Name the four nitrogenous bases |
RNA | What molecule is single stranded with a ribose, and a uracil |
DNA | What molecule is double stranded with a deoxyribose and thymine |
Nitrogenous bases | What determines the genetic code |
Codons | What are the mRNA triplets called |
Leucine | What would be the new codon if the amino acid sequence changed its last three bases in the DNA sequence from ATT to AAT |
Heterozygous | Genotypes made of two different alleles, such as Dd |
Homozygous | Genotypes made of the same alleles, such as AA or bb |
Dominant Trait | Gene that is always expressed |
Recessive Trait | Gene that is expressed only in a homozygous state, such as ee |
gene expression | Protein synthesis involves transcription and translation to assemble proteins. This process is controlled and regulated by a processes called |
operons | Prokaryotic DNA contains groups of genes that are regulated together called |
Genetic Diversity | Crossing-over occurs during prophase I. What is the significance of this even |
Meiosis | Specialized type of cell division in which four haploid (n) gametes, daughter cells, are formed from one diploid (2n) cell. |
Transcription | Name the process that forms the mRNA strand |
Translation | When mRNA attaches to a ribosome it begins a process know as |
Nucleus | Where does transcription take place |