Term | Definition |
polar | describes a molecule in which the positive and negative charges are separated |
hydrogen bond | the intermolecular force occurring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of 1 molecule is attracted to 2 unshared electrons of another molecule |
cohesion | a force that holds molecules of a single material together |
adhesion | the attraction force between 2 bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other |
capillarity | the attraction between molecules that results in the rise of a liquid in small tubes |
solution | a homogeneous mixture throughout which 2 or more substances are uniformly dispersed |
solute | in a solution, the substances that dissolves in the solvent |
solvent | in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves |
concentration | the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore |
saturated solution | a solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions |
aqueous solution | a solution in which water is the solvent |
hydroxide ion | the OH ion |
hydronium ion | an ion existing of a proton combined with a molecule of water; H30+ |
acid | any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water; acids turn blue litmus paper red and react with bases and some metals to form salts |
base | ant compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; bases turn red litmus paper blue and react with acids to form salts |
pH scale | a value that is used to express the acidity or alkalinity of a system; each whole number on the scale indicates a tenfold change in acidity. A PH of 7 is neutral, less than 7 is acidic, greater than 7 is basic |
buffer | a solution made from weak acid and its conjugate base that neutralizes small amounts of acids or bases added |