Question | Answer |
bioaccumulation | when an individual continues to eat food contaminated with toxins |
bioamplification | when toxins are passed on through the different trophic levels the toxin is more concentrated |
how much energy is passed on to the next trophic level in the food chain | 10% |
biodiversity | the number and variety of a species in a region |
why is biodiversity important | more resiliant to stresses |
threats to biodiversity | introducing alien species because they take over the habitat of native species |
2 ways atmospheric gas is converted to a usable form | lightning and decomposition |
how is nitrogen returned to the atmosphere | dentrification |
2 ways of how human activity is increasing the levels of carbon dioxide released in the atmosphere | burning fossil fuels and clear cutting forests |
name one ecosystem service and 2 examples | provisioning-wood and cotton |
dentrification | the process which converts nitrates back to atmospheric nitrogen gas |
what is a restoration method? Explain | reforestation is regrowth of a forest either through natural process or planting seeds |
carrying capacity | the maximum number of individuals of a species that can be supported indefinitely by the ecosystem |
density | refers to the number of organisms in an area |
3 ways that carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere | respiration, volcanic eruptions and combustion |
photosynthesis chemical equation | 6CO2+6H2O+sunlight-6O2+C6H12O6 |
cellular respiration chemical equation | 6O2+C6H12O6-6CO2+6H2O+energy |
predation | one organism consumes another |
competition | two or more organisms compete for the same resources such as food, space and water |
symbiosis | interactions between members of two different species that live in close association |
symbiotic relationships | mutualism, parasitism and commensalism |
mutualism | when both organisms benefit from the relationship |
parasitism | when one benefits from the relationship and the other is harmed |
commensalism | occurs when one species benefits from the relationship and without harm or benefit to the other species |
one way to measure biodiversity | netting |
netting | the use of nets to capture specific species of organisms and then the organisms are released after sampling |
first trophic level | primary producers |
second trophic level | primary consumers |
third trophic level | secondary consumers |
fourth trophic level | tertiary consumers |
fifth trophic level | top consumer |
atmosphere | air |
lithosphere | land |
hydrosphere | water |
biosphere | life |
ecosystem | consists of all living organisms that share a region and interact with each other and their non-living community |
what is a sustainable ecosystem | one that is capable of withstanding pressure and giving support to a variety of organisms |
biotic | all living or recently living parts of the ecosystem |
abiotic | all the non-living parts of the ecosystem that organisms need to survive |
photosynthesis | the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy which is food |
cellular respiration | provides energy for the cell |
trophic levels | categories of organisms |
how much energy is passed out as waste | 60% |
how much energy is used for movement and heat | 30% |
the solid part of the earths surface is called the | lithosphere |
oxygen is required by almost all organisms for this process | cellular respiration |
cellular respiration is a by-product of | photosynthesis |
what refers to all water on the earth in solid, liquid and gas state | hydrosphere |
what is an ecosystem that can continue to function over very long periods of time | a sustainable ecosystem |
the population that an ecosystem can support continuously is called its | carrying capacity |
what describes a community of living things and their surrounding physical environment | ecosystem |
when non-native species out compete native species, it's called | competition |
some pesticides and other environmental toxins build up or | amplify in living organisms |
what is a large concentration of a single species growing in one area | population |
organism | individual |
population | many organisms of one species living in an area |
community | many different populations living in one area |