Question | Answer |
what does an ADR mean? | its any noxious unintended and undesired effect that occurs at normal drug doses
-more common in the elderly and very young
-more common in peeps receiving multiple drugs |
define side effect | unavoidable secondary drug effects produced at therapeutic doses such as drowsiness |
define toxicity | is an adverse drug rxn caused by excessive dosing
ie: coma happening from prophine overdose
-severe hypoglycemia from an overdose of insulin |
define allergic rxn | it's an immune response
-intensity of allergic rxn is determined by degree of sensitization of the immune system not by drug dosage |
define idiosyncratic effect | an uncommon drug response resulting from a genetic predisposition
ie, succinylcholine usually causes temporary paralysis but in ppl that have a genetic issue where the they have less inactivating enzyme it can cause a severe response |
define iatogenic disease | disease produced by physician or disease produced by drugs
ie: a pt taking antipyschotic drugs may develop a syndrome which resembles Parkinson and since this syndrome is drug induced and identical to a naturally occurring pathology |
define teratogenic effect | a drug induced birth defect |
amphotericin B is an antifungal drig that causes injury to what organ? | the kidneys |
doxorubin causes injury to what organ? | the heart |
amiodarone causes injury to what organ? | the lungs |
aminoglycoside antibiotics causes injury to which body part? | the inner ear |
How do drugs damage the liver? | when some drugs undergo metabolism, they are converted to txic products that can injure liver
-also combining hepatotxic drugs with certain drugs can cause damage. ie. mixing acetaminphen w/ alcohol |
what test should ppl that are taking hepatotxic drugs undergo? | the should take the liver function tests at basline and periodically afterwards.
-you look for two liver enzymes: aspartate aminotrnasferase(ast) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
-ast and alt are normally low but when liver is injured they are high |
what are the signs of liver injury by taking hepatotoxic drugs | jaundice (yellow skin and eyes), dark urine, light-colored stools, nausea, vomiting, malaise, abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite |
what are QT drugs?
look at page 69 | meds that prolong the QT interval on an EGG and so can cause a risk of serious dysrthmias
-QT measyres the time it takes for the ventricles to repolarize
-w/ prolonged QT pts can get dysrhythmia called torsades de pointes-> |
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