Question | Answer |
Scientists who study the nonliving parts of the earth | geologists |
The center of the earth | core |
The middle layer of the earth | mantle |
The mantle is made of hot melted rock called: | magma |
The outer layer of the earth is called | crust |
Famous for the methods he used to measure distances and substances inside the earth. | Gutenberg |
Small bits of weathered rock produced by weathering. | sediment |
The movement of sediment from one place to another is called: | Erosion |
Particles in the soil that were once part of a living thing. | Organic |
The top layer of soil | Topsoil |
Name the three main layers of the earth. | Crust, core, mantle |
Loose material on the surface of the earth. | soil |
Inorganic substance found naturally in the earth. | Mineral |
Scientists who study minerals. | mineralologists |
Pieces of minerals. | samples |
Characteristics of minerals. | crystal structure, color, luster, hardness and cleavage |
Results from the orderly arrangement of the particles that make up the mineral. | crystal |
Words used to describe the luster of a mineral | dull, metallic, pearly, brilliant |
Develped a scale to measure the hardness of a mineral | Mohs |
The breaking of a mineral along smooth, straight lines or into flat sheets. | Cleavage |
To break unevenly in many directions. | fracture |
Scratching a sample with another mineral or substances is a test for which characteristic? | hardness |
A mineral that can be cut and polished for use. | gemstone |
A gemstone that is beautiful and rare. | precious |
More common gemstones and easier to find. | semiprecious |
Manmade gemstones | synthetic |
Causes metal to melt and separate from the other rock materials. | smelting |
pocket or strip of a mineral within the earth. | vein |
Skilled craftsman who carefully cuts gemstones | lapidary |
A hard, natural substance made of one or more minerals. | rock |
Forms from volcanic magma or lava. | Igneous rock |
Examples of Igneous rock | pumice, obsidian, basalt, granite |
forms when layers of sediment and organic material harden.q | Sedimentary |
Example of sedimentary rocks | sandstone |
Forms by heat and pressure deep below the earth's crust | metamorphic |
Name the three types of rocks. | Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic |
Term that describes a metamorphic rock that can break apart into flate sheets. | slate |
Name the hardest mineral | diamond |