Question | Answer |
1. Asexual reproduction | production of new organism without fusion of nuclei; single parent |
2. Sexual reproduction | fusion of nuclei of gametes; 2 parents; genetic variation |
3. Mitosis | the process that divides the cell’s nucleus into 2, each with a complete set of genetic material from the parent cell |
4. Meiosis | the process that results in the production of gametes (sperm & eggs) |
5. Interphase | single strands replicate to double strands |
6. Prophase | chromosomes become visible; nuclear membrane disappears |
7. Metaphase | double stranded chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell |
8. Anaphase | centromeres split and chromosomes move apart to opposite sides of cell |
9. Telophase | nuclear membrane reforms around the two new cells |
10. Cytokinesis | cytoplasm divides and results in 2 daughter cells |
11. Cell Cycle | cell grows in size, replicates (undergoes mitosis) and continues to grow |
12. Diploid | full complement of chromosomes (2n) |
13. Haploid | ½ of the normal number of chromosomes (n); # of chromosomes in gametes |
14. Homologous chromosomes | 2 chromosomes that contain genes for same trait |
15. Chromatid | one of 2 identical chromosomal strands that chromosomes split into at centromere |
16. Synapsis | pairs of homologous chromosomes group together to form tetrad (4 strands) |
17. Crossing over | chromotids twist around each other & exchange info |
18. Fertilization | union of nuclei of egg and sperm to form zygote to obtain diploid # of chromosomes |
19. Zygote | cell that results from the joining of the egg and sperm |
20. Gametogenesis | formation of gametes (egg or sperm) with ½ chromosomes by meiosis |
21. Oogenesis | formation of 1 egg and 3 nonfunctioning polar bodies with ½ chromosomes by meiosis |
22. Spermatogenesis | formation of 4 sperm with ½ chromosomes by meiosis |