Term | Definition |
Aqueos Sedimentation | Clastic sediments deposited in a liquid environment as a result of fluid flow; Subaqeuos deposition. Ex: Rivers, Streams, Oceans |
Sediments | Material derived from pre-existing rocks through weathering process |
Eolian Sedimentation | Clastic sediments deposited and modified by wind processes; Subaerial deposition. |
Glacial Sedimentation | Clastic sediments resulting from glacial modifications to the Earth surface. |
Gravitational Sedimentation | Clastic sediments, subaerial or subaqeous deposited primarily as a result of collapse or slope failure. |
Coal | A readily combustible rock that contains carbonaceous material, formed from the compaction of altered plant materials. |
Low grade to High grade Coal | Peat, Lignite, Bituminous and Anthracite |
Biomedical Sedimentary Rocks | Sedimentary rocks formed by direct secretions from organisms. Ex: Limestone and Dolomite |
Oids | Concentrically banded, spherical grains. |
Peloids | Spherical grains composed of feces |
Carbonate Reefs | Ridge-like or domal structures built by the accumulation of calcareous organisms. |
Reefs | Exhibit a high biodiversity |
Carbonate Mounds | Exhibit low biodiversity |
Carbonate Shoals | Calcerous deposits in relatively shallow water forming a ridge, bank or bar of unconsolidated material |
Chert | Accumulation of siliceous shells, usually in deep water |
Flint | Has a dark coloration |
Jasper | Has a red coloration |
Chemical sedimentary rocks | Formed by direct chemical precipitation from solution. Ex: Limestone, Dolomite, and Rocksalt (Halite) and Bittersalt |
Sabkha | Supratidal environment of deposition in arid or semiarid regions, characterized by high evaporation rates and evaporite deposits |
Secondary precipitates | Broad group of minerals that precipitate as a result of changes in the physical and chemical environment |
Strata/Bedding | Distinct layers of sediment/sedimentary rock representing: Consistent Sedimentation; Periods of environmental stability; individual storm events |
Ripple Marks | Small ridges separated by small troughs. |
Current Ripple Marks | Asymmetrical features formed by flow in one direction |
Wave Ripple Marks | Symmetrical features formed by flow in two directions |
Cross bedding | Layers angled downward from the surface they were deposited in, which indicated direction of flow (fluvial or eolian). |
Mudcracks | Formed by the desiccation of sediments during dewatering. Usually rich in clay. |
Grain size from small to large: | Clay, Silt, Sand, Gravel, Boulder |