Question | Answer |
Dominant Allele | The "stronger" form that covers up the recessive |
Recessive Allele | The "weaker" form that can be hidden by the dominant |
Genotype | The combination of alleles inherited from parents. Represented with a two letter combination |
Phenotype | The physical appearance of a trait produced by the genotype |
Homozygous | A genotype where the two alleles are the same |
Heterozygous | A genotype where two alleles are different |
Punnett Square | A tool used to predict the probability that offspring will have a particular trait. |
Codominant | A type of inheritance where both alleles will be fully expressed. Example: Black and white chickens produce black and white speckled chickens |
Incomplete Dominance | A type of inheritance where one allele is not fully dominant over the other and the resulting heterozygous phenotype is "in between" the two homozygous phenotypes. Example: |
Polygenic Inheritance | A trait that is controlled by multiple genes. |
Heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring |
Genetics | The study of heredity |
Gregor Mendel | An Austrian monk who studied pea plants and laid the foundation of our understanding of heredity. He is referred to as the "Father of Genetics" |
Biotechnology | The use an application of living and biological processes. |
Artificial selection | The process of selecting and breeding organisms that have desired traits. |
Genetic engineering | The process by which a piece of DNA is modified for use in research, medicine, agriculture, or industry. |
Clone | an organism, cell, or piece of genetic material that is genetically identical to the one from which it was created. |