Question | Answer |
Scientific name for windpipe | Trachea |
Tubes that carry air into right or left lung | Bronchi |
Narrow tubes carrying air to alveoli | Bronchioles |
Tiny air sacs where gas exchange takes place | Alveoli |
Bones that protect the lungs | Ribs |
Muscles in between ribs | Intercostal muscles |
Large muscle underneath the lungs | Diaphragm |
Membranes between the lungs and rib cage | Pleural membranes |
Reason for the folded shape of alveoli | Large surface area |
Reason for moist lining of alveoli | Gases diffuse more quickly when dissolved |
Adaptation of alveoli to give a short diffusion distance | Walls only one cell thick |
How is a maximum concentration gradient maintained between alveoli and blood? | Constant movement of air and blood |
What happens to intercostal muscles during inhalation? | Contract |
Movement of ribcage during inhalation? | Up and out |
Volume of thorax during inhalation | Increases |
Pressure inside thorax during inhalation? | Decreases |
What happens to intercostal muscles during expiration? | Relax |
Movement of ribcage during exhalation? | Down and in |
Volume of thorax during exhalation | Decreases |
Pressure inside thorax during expiration | Increases |
Position of diaphragm during inspiration | Lies flat |
Position of diaphragm during expiration | Dome shaped |
Structures represented by the glass y tube in the bell jar model? | Trachea and bronchi |
Structures represented by balloons in bell jar model? | Lungs |
Cells that produce mucus in the airways | Goblet cells |
Cells with structures on their surface that move mucus out of the airways | Ciliated epithelial cells |
Limitation of bell jar model | Doesn't show movement of ribcage |
Addictive chemical in cigarette smoke | Nicotine |
Condition where the elastic tissue of alveoli is damaged so they lose their special shape | Emphysema |