Term | Definition |
Prokaryote | no nucleus, fewer organelles, bacteria |
Eukaryote | many organelles, membrane bound nucleus, plants, animals |
Nucleus | “brain of the cell”; controls all cellular activity; contains DNA/chromosomes |
Nucleolus | inside of nucleus; site of ribosome synthesis |
Ribosomes | site of protein synthesis |
Mitochondria | “powerhouse of cell”; site of cellular respiration; provides energy to cell |
Endoplasmic Reticulum | transports materials throughout cell; rough ER- processes proteins; smooth ER –processes lipids & carbs |
Golgi Bodies/Apparatus | packages & secretes cell products; stack of pancakes |
Cytoplasm | fluid portion of cell; contains organelles; allows for transport of materials (cyclosis) |
Lysosomes | “garbage collectors”; digest food particles; form from pinched off sections of golgi bodies |
Cell/Plasma Membrane | controls what enters & exits cell; biphospholipid layer |
Cell Wall | found in plant cells only; provides support & structure to cell |
Centrioles | found only in animal cells; involved in mitosis & meiosis |
Chloroplasts | found only in animal cells; site of photosynthesis |
Passive Transport | movement of materials from high to low concentration without the use of energy |
Diffusion | another name for passive transport |
Osmosis | diffusion of water |
Facilitated Diffusion | diffusion aided by protein carriers embedded in cell membrane |
Active Transport | movement of materials from low to high concentration with the use of energy |
Endocytosis | form of active transport that involves taking in of materials through the use of pseudopods |
Phagocytosis | engulfing of large particles with pseudopods (cell eating) |
Pinocytosis | engulfing of small particles including fluids with pseudopods (cell drinking) |
Exocytosis | form of active transport that brings vacuole to cell membrane where it fuses then opens to expel wastes |