Term | Definition |
Genetics | the field of biology devoted to understanding how characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring |
Heredity | the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring |
Trait | a genetically determined variant of a characteristic, such as a yellow flower color |
Pollination | occurs when pollen grains produced in the male reproductive parts of a flower, called the anthers, are transferred to the female reproductive part of a flower, called the stigma |
Self-Pollination | occurs when pollen is transferred from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of either that flower or another flower on the same plant |
Cross-Pollination | Occurs between flowers of two plants |
True-Breeding | pure; will always produce offspring with the trait when they self-pollinate |
P Generation | the true-breeding parents of the first generation |
F1 Generation | the offspring of the P generation, the first filial generation |
F2 Generation | the offspring of the F1 generation, the second filial generation |
Dominant | masked, or dominated the factor for the other trait in the characteristic |
Recessive | a trait controlled by *this* has no observable effect on an organism's appearance when that trait was paired with a trait controlled by a dominant factor |
Law of Segregation | states that a pair of factors is segregated, or separated, during the formation of gametes |
Law of Independent Assortment | states that factors separate independently of one another during the formation of gametes |
Molecular Genetics | the study of the structure and function of chromosomes and genes |
Allele | each of two or more alternative forms of a gene |