Term | Definition |
Viscosity | Fluids resistance to flow |
Does corn syrup or oil have a higher viscosity? | Corn syrup (thicker) has a high viscosity; oil (thinner) has a low viscosity - flows faster |
What happens to viscosity if you increase temperature of the fluid? | Increasing temperature decreases viscosity because the particles in the fluid move faster and the fluid flows faster |
Buoyancy | Buoyancy is the upward fore that a fluid exerts on an object.
Example: Buoyancy is a rubber duck floating in a tub of water. |
What is the Archimedes’ Principle? | The buoyant force on an object immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid that the object displaced. |
Positive Buoyancy | The tendency of an object to float or rise in a fluid because the object weighs less than the fluid it displaces. |
Neutral Buoyancy | The amount of force pulling down (gravity) equals the amount of force pushing up (buoyancy) – an object will remain at constant level in fluid (neither sink nor rise) |
Negative Buoyancy | The tendency of an object to sink in a fluid because the object weighs more than the fluid it displaces. |
Cohesion | The attraction of a particle to one of the same substance |
Adhsion | The attraction of a particle to another particle of a different substance |
Surface Tension | Surface tension is a property of liquids where the exposed surface shrinks to the smallest possible area because of unequal forces near the surface. |
Force | A push or pull that causes movement. |
Flow Rate | How quickly a fluid flows in a given amount of time. |
Dynamic | A term used to describe systems that involve movement such as moving liquids |
Formula to calculate Viscoscity | Viscosity = Mass/Density |
Density | Mass per volume of a substanc |
Formula to calculate density | Density = Mass/Volume |
Mass | Mass is the amount of matter in an object. |
Formula to calculate Mass | Mass = Density X Volume |
Formula to calculate volume | Volume = Mass/Density |
Aerodynamics | The motion of GAS moving around solid objects. |
Example of aerodynamics | Air moving over a car driving down the road |
Hydrodynamics | The motion of LIQUID moving around solid objects |
Example of hydrodynamics | Water moving around a boat travelling through the water |
Kinetic Molecular Theory (4 Parts) | 1. All matter is composed of particles
2. The particles are in constant motion
3. Forces of attraction hold molecules together
4. Adding energy (ie: increase temperature) to a sample of matter will cause the particles to move faster and spread |
Melting | Process of a substance changing from a solid to a liquid (ie: ice melting into water) |
Evaporation | Process of changing a substance from a liquid to a gas (ie: water boiling into steam) |
Condensation | Process of changing a substance from gas to a liquid (ie: moisture on your glasses coming into a warm house after being outside in the cold) |
Solidification | Process of changing a substance from liquid to a solid (ie: water freezing into ice) |
Sublimation | Process of changing directly from a gas to a solid or form a solid to a gas (ie: dry ice creates fog) |
Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
Energy | ability to make things move |
Atom | The smallest unit of matter that maintains the characteristics of an element |
Weight | Weight is the amount of matter an object has with gravitational force |
Formula for calculating weight | Weight = gravitational force X Mass (measured in Newton) |
Formula to calculate flow rate | Volume / Time
(ie: 640 ml: volume, 8 minutes: time = 640/8 = 80 ml per minute) |